aae:
  name: Arbëreshë Albanian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Arbërisht
    inherit: aln
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 100000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
aaq:
  name: Eastern Abnaki
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Wôbanakiôdwawôgan
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ô a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ô
    marks: ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 0
  status: extinct
  validity: preliminary
aar:
  name: Afar
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Qafar
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1973800
  speakers_date: 2017
  status: living
  validity: verified
aat:
  name: Arvanitika Albanian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Arbërisht
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Ä Ç È É Ë Í Ï Ó Ö Ú Ü Ý a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á ä ç è é ë í ï ó ö ú ü ý
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̧
    note: Used in Italy.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: Αρbε̰ρίσ̈τ
    auxiliary: Η Ψ Ω Ά Έ Ή Ί Ό Ύ Ώ Ϊ Ϋ η ψ ω ά έ ή ί ό ύ ώ ϊ ϋ ΐ ΰ
    base: Α Β B Ϳ Γ Δ D Ε Ζ Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ α β b ϳ γ δ d ε ζ θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ γ̇ ε̱ ν̇ σ̇ σ̈ χ̇ ε̰
    marks: ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̰ ◌̱ ◌́
    note: Used in Greece.
    script: Greek
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - https://web.archive.org/web/20070101084222/http://www.arvasynel.gr/images/grammar_a.gif
  speakers: 50000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: draft
abe:
  name: Western Abnaki
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Wôbanakiôdwawôgan
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ô a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ô
    marks: ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 14
  speakers_date: 2007-2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
abi:
  name: Abidji
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ogbru
    auxiliary: Ʊ ʊ ʔ
    base: A B C D E F G I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y a á â ǎ b c d e é ê ě f g i í î ǐ j k l m n o ó ô ǒ p r s t u ú û ǔ w y Á Â É Ê Í Î Ó Ô Ú Û Ě Ɔ Ɛ Ɩ Ʋ Ǎ Ǐ Ǒ Ǔ ɔ ɛ ɩ ʋ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Rhonda L. Hartell, Alphabets of Africa, 1993, p. 128.
  - Wikipedia
  - https://live.bible.is/bible/ABIWBT
  speakers: 50500
  speakers_date: 1993
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
abk:
  name: Abkhazian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Аԥсшәа
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Џ Қ Ҟ Ҩ Ҭ Ҳ Ҵ Ҷ Ҽ Ҿ Ә Ӡ Ӷ Ԥ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я џ қ ҟ ҩ ҭ ҳ ҵ ҷ ҽ ҿ ә ӡ ӷ ԥ
    marks: ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 190110
  speakers_date: 2014-2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
abn:
  name: Abua
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Abua
    base: A Ạ B Ḅ D Ḍ E Ẹ F G H I Ị J K L M N O Ọ P R S T U Ụ V W Y Z a ạ b ḅ d ḍ e ẹ f g h i ị j k l m n o ọ p r s t u ụ v w y z
    marks: ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - 'Ethelbert Emmanuel Kari, Kiikpoye Johnny Joshua, "Abuan orthography", in Tony Enyia, Orthographies of Nigerian Languages: Manual IX, Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC), 2011, p. 1–12'
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 25000
  speakers_date: 1989
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
abq:
  name: Abaza
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Абаза
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 49800
  speakers_date: 2010-2014
  status: living
  validity: verified
abr:
  name: Abron
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Brong
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U W Y Ɛ Ɔ a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u w y ɛ ɔ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1400000
  speakers_date: 2013
  status: living
  validity: verified
abv:
  name: Baharna Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: بحراني
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 730000
  speakers_date: 2001-2013
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ace:
  name: Achinese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Bahsa Acèh
    base: A B C D E G H I J K L M N O P R S T W Y É È Ë Ô Ö a b c d e g h i j k l m n o p r s t w y é è ë ô ö '
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3500000
  speakers_data: 2000
  validity: preliminary
ach:
  name: Acholi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Acoli
    base: A B C D E G I J K L M N Ŋ O P R T U W Y a b c d e g i j k l m n ŋ o p r t u w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Alfred Malandra, A New Acholi Grammar, Nairobi (Kenya), Eagle Press, 1955, 153 p.
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1500000
  speakers_data: 2014
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
acm:
  name: Mesopotamian Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: عراقي
    auxiliary: ڛ ڢ ٯ ڧ ک ی ڥ چ ڨ ڭ ڠ
    base: ي و ه ن م ل ك ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا ڤ پ گ ة
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٰ
    numerals: ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Iraqi Arabic
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 15700000
  speakers_date: 2014-2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
acq:
  name: Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: يمني
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Ta’izzi-Adeni Arabic
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Textbook
  speakers: 10480000
  speakers_date: 2015-2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
acu:
  name: Achuar-Shiwiar
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Achúar chícham
    base: A B C D E G H I J K M N O P R S T U W Y Ã Á Ẽ Ĩ Í Ũ Ú Ñ F a b c d e f g h i j k m n o p r s t u w y ' ã á ẽ ĩ í ũ ú ñ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 7000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
acw:
  name: Hijazi Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: حجازي
    auxiliary: ڛ ڢ ٯ ڧ ک ی ڥ چ گ ڨ ڭ ڠ
    base: ي و ه ن م ل ك ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا پ ڤ
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٰ
    numerals: ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 145000000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: draft
acx:
  name: Omani Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: عماني
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1055000
  speakers_date: 1995-1996
  status: living
  validity: draft
acz:
  name: Acheron
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Garme
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ë ï ö ü
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 20000
  speakers_date: 2006
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ada:
  name: Adangme
  orthographies:
  - auxiliary: C Q R X c q r x
    base: A B D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N O Ɔ P S T U V W Y Z a b d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n o ɔ p s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - 'Bureau of Ghana Languages, Language Guide: Dangme Version, 1990, p. 5.'
  - Rhonda L. Hartell, Alphabets of Africa, 1993, p. 150.
  - http://www.bible.com/bible/2322/MAT.1.DAN77
  - http://www.bible.com/fr/bible/2265/MAT.1.DANGME
  - http://www.jw.org/ada/wa-nɛ́-he-nɛ-o-ngɛ-hlae-ɔ/
  speakers: 80000
  speakers_date: 2004
  validity: preliminary
ade:
  name: Adele
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Gɩdɩrɛ
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u w y Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɛ Ɩ Ʋ ɔ ɛ ɩ ʋ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Jacques Rongier, Dictionnaire français-adele, Abidjan, Institut de Linguistique appliquée, Université nationale de Côte d’Ivoire, 1998
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 37000
  speakers_date: 2003-2012
  validity: preliminary
ady:
  name: Adyghe
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Адыгабзэ
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 575900
  speakers_date: 2005-2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
aeb:
  name: Tunisian Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: تونسي
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 11200000
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
aec:
  name: Saidi Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: صعيدي
    inherit: arz
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 22400000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
aer:
  name: Eastern Arrernte
  note: The number of speakers relates to all Arrernte languages.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Arrernte
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4537
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
afb:
  name: Gulf Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: خليجي
    auxiliary: ڛ ڢ ٯ ڧ ک ی ڥ چ ڨ ڭ ڠ
    base: ي و ه ن م ل ك ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا ڤ پ گ
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٰ
    numerals: ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 6800000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
afr:
  name: Afrikaans
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Afrikaans
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z É È Ê Ë Î Ï Ö Ô Û Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z é è ê ë î ï ö ô û ü
    marks: ◌́ ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̈
    note: The use of ŉ has been deprecated and is strongly discouraged.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 7200000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
agq:
  name: Aghem
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Wum
    auxiliary: Q R X q r x
    base: A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P S T U V W Y Z À Â È Ê Ì Î Ò Ô Ù Û Ā Ē Ě Ī Ŋ Ō Ū Ǎ Ǐ Ǒ Ǔ Ɔ Ɛ Ɨ Ʉ a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p s t u v w y z à â è ê ì î ò ô ù û ā ē ě ī ŋ ō ū ǎ ǐ ǒ ǔ ɔ ɛ ɨ ʉ ʔ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 27000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
agr:
  name: Aguaruna
  orthographies:
  - autonym: iinia chichama
    base: A B C D E G H I J K M N P R S T U W Y Ã Ẽ Ĩ Ũ Í a b c d e g h i j k m n p r s t u w y ã ẽ ĩ ũ í
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 53400
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
agx:
  name: Aghul
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Агъул
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 29300
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
aha:
  name: Ahanta
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ahanta
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u v w y z Ɔ Ɛ Ɩ Ʋ ɔ ɛ ɩ ʋ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - I. E. Mensah, Anrindha-Erelenza nwuma mɔ di bɔmunli (Ahanta-English book one), Cape Coast, Mfantsiman Press, 1973
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 175000
  speakers_date: 2013
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
aht:
  name: Ahtna
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Atnakenaegeʼ
    base: A B C D E G H I K L N O S T U X Y Z a b c d e g h i k l n o s t u x y z Ł ł ʼ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - James Kari, Ahtna Athabaskan dictionary, Alaska Native Language Center, 1990
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 15
  speakers_date: 2020
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
aii:
  name: Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ܐܵܬ݂ܘܼܪܵܝܲܐ ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ
    base: ܟ ܝ ܛ ܚ ܙ ܘ ܗ ܕ ܓ ܒ ܐ ܬ ܫ ܪ ܩ ܨ ܦ ܥ ܣ ܢ ܡ ܠ
    marks: ◌ܲ ◌ܵ ◌ܸ ◌ܹ ◌݃ ◌݇
    script: Syriac
    status: primary
  - autonym: Лышана Атураја
    base: А Б В Г Ԁ Е Ә Ж З И Ј К Л Q L М Н П Р С Т T У Х Һ Ч Ш Ы D а б в г ԁ е ә ж з и ј к л q l м н п р с т t у х һ ч ш ы d
    script: Cyrillic
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Lišānā Āshûrāya
    auxiliary: Ā Ē Ë Ō Ū Ḏ Ḥ Š Ṣ Ṭ Û ā ē ë ō ū ḏ ḥ š ṣ ṭ û
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̈ ◌̌ ◌̣ ◌̱
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 828930
  speakers_date: 2020
  validity: preliminary
aiq:
  name: Aimaq
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ایماقی
    inherit: pes
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 650000
  speakers_date: 1993
  status: living
  validity: draft
ajg:
  name: Aja (Benin)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Adja
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z À Á È É Ì Í Ò Ó Ù Ú à á è é ì í ò ó ù ú Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɖ Ɛ Ɣ Ʒ ɔ ɖ ɛ ɣ ʒ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Virginia Beavon-Ham, Emile Ega, Lire et écrire l'ajagbe (Guide pratique pour ceux qui savent lire le français), 2007, https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/35562.
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 5-6.
  - Eric A. Morley, A Grammar of Ajagbe, 2010.
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - https://www.jw.org/ajg
  speakers: 550000
  speakers_date: 2006-2012
  validity: preliminary
ajp:
  name: South Levantine Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: فلسطيني
    auxiliary: ڛ ڢ ٯ ڧ ک ی ڥ گ ڨ ڭ ڠ
    base: ي و ه ن م ل ك ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا ڤ پ چ
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٰ
    numerals: ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5100000
  speakers_date: 2014–2016
  status: living
  validity: draft
ale:
  name: Aleut
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Unangam Tunuu
    base: A B D F G H I K L M N O Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b d f g h i k l m n o q r s t u v w x y z Ĝ ĝ
    marks: ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - 'Knut Bergsland, Aleut Dictionary = Unangam Tunudgusii an unabridged lexicon of the Aleutian, Pribilof, and Commander Islands Aleut language, Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska, 1994'
  speakers: 150
  speakers_date: 2009-2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
aln:
  name: Gheg Albanian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Gegnisht
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ç Ë a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ç ë
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 3450000
  speakers_date: 2000–2001
  status: living
  validity: verified
alq:
  name: Alonquin
  note: Northern Algonquin and Southern Algonquin
  orthographies:
  - auxiliary: Ȣ ȣ
    base: A B C D E G H I J K M N O P S T W Y Z a b c d e g h i j k m n o p s t w y z À È Ì Ò à è ì ò
    marks: ◌̀
    note: 8 is used instead of ȣ in practice
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Chris Harvey/Languageek, Anicinapemiȣin/Anishinàbemiwin (Algonquin), 31 December 2021
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3330
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
als:
  name: Tosk Albanian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Shqip
    inherit: aln
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 1800000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: verified
alt:
  name: Southern Altai
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Алтайча
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ј Ҥ Ӧ Ӱ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ј ҥ ӧ ӱ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 55720
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
amc:
  name: Amahuaca
  orthographies:
  - base: A C H I J M N O P R S T U V X Y Z a c h i j m n o p r s t u v x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 25700000
  speakers_date: 2014-2016
  validity: preliminary
ame:
  name: Yanesha'
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C E G H J L M N O P Q R S T Y Ë Ñ a b c e g h j l m n o p q r s t y ë ñ '
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9800
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
amh:
  name: Amharic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ኣማርኛ
    base: ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ ኰ ኲ ኳ ኴ ኵ ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ ዀ ዂ ዃ ዄ ዅ ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ ዦ ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ ቈ ቊ ቋ ቌ ቍ ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ ቐ ቑ ቒ ቓ ቔ ቕ ቖ ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ ቘ ቚ ቛ ቜ ቝ ጐ ጒ ጓ ጔ ጕ በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ ጮ ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ ፐ ፑ ፒ ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ
    numerals: ፩ ፪ ፫ ፬ ፭ ፮ ፯ ፰ ፱ ፲ ፳ ፴ ፵ ፶ ፷ ፸ ፹ ፺ ፻
    script: Ge'ez/Fidel
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 22000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
ami:
  name: Amis
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Pangcah
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 181000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
amr:
  name: Amarakaeri
  orthographies:
  - base: A B E G H I J K M N O P R S T U Y a b e g h i j k m n o p r s t u y '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1600
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
anc:
  name: Angas
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ngas
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z Ɓ Ɗ Ə ɓ ɗ ə ʼ Ḥ ḥ Ṇ ṇ Ẓ ẓ
    marks: ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Rhonda L. Hartell, Alphabets de langues africaines, 1993, p. 208
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 400000
  speakers_date: 1998
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ani:
  name: Andi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Мицци
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 5800
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: draft
anw:
  name: Anaang
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Anaañ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S U W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s u w y Ñ Ö Ü ñ ö ü
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - 'Ernest Owulette, Annang-English dictionary: Anaañ heritage dictionary, 2019'
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1400000
  speakers_date: 1991
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
any:
  name: Agni
  orthographies:
  - autonym: anyi
    auxiliary: Ʊ ʊ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z Ɔ Ɛ Ɩ Ʋ ɔ ɛ ɩ ʋ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Rhonda L. Hartell, Alphabets of Africa, 1993, p. 118
  - Ettien N. Koffi, Guide d’orthographe et de lecture de l’agni morofou — Anyin Mɔlɔfʋ Ngɛlɛlɩɛ nɩn Nince Kɩnngalɛ Fuluwa, Bongouanou, CATA (Centre d’alphabétisation et de traduction en agni, 2009
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1506400
  speakers_date: 2017
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
aoz:
  name: Uab Meto
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Uab Metô
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Ê Í Ó Ú Û a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é ê í ó ú û
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Textbook
  speakers: 800000
  speakers_date: 2009-2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
apc:
  name: North Levantine Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: لبناني
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 24200000
  speakers_date: 2014-2015
  status: living
  validity: draft
apd:
  name: Sudanese Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: سوداني
    auxiliary: ڛ ڢ ٯ ڧ ک ڤ ڥ پ چ گ ڨ ڭ ڠ
    base: ي و ه ن م ل ك ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا ی
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٰ
    numerals: ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 31900000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: draft
apn:
  name: Apinayé
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Panhĩ kapẽr
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z À Ã Ê Ô Õ à ã ê ô õ Ĩ ĩ Ũ ũ Ẽ ẽ Ỳ ỳ Ỹ ỹ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2277
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: draft
aqc:
  name: Archi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Аршаттен
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ӏ А́ Е́ И́ О́ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ӏ а́ е́ и́ о́
    marks: ◌́ ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 970
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
arb:
  name: Standard Arabic
  note: The speakers are L2 only as Standard Arabic is always a second language.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: العربية
    auxiliary: ڛ ڢ ٯ ڧ ک ی ڤ ڥ پ چ گ ڨ ڭ ڠ
    base: ي و ه ن م ل ك ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا ة
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٰ
    numerals: ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 270000000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
arg:
  name: Aragonese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Aragonés
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ñ Ó Ú a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ñ ó ú
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 12000
  speakers_date: 2017
  status: living
  validity: verified
arl:
  name: Arabela
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tapweyokwaka
    base: A E H I J K M N O P R S T U W Y Ɨ a e h i j k m n o p r s t u w y ɨ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 50
  speakers_date: 2002
  validity: preliminary
arn:
  name: Mapudungun
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mapudungun
    base: A B C D E F G I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W X Y Z Ü Ñ a b c d e f g i j k l m n o p q r s t u w x y z ü ñ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 260000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
arq:
  name: Algerian Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: دارجة جزائرية
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 27000000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
arr:
  name: Karo
  note: Wikipedia lists 'kxh' as the ISO 639-3 language code for Karo, both are listed in ISO 639-3.
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Ã É Í Ó Õ Ú Û á â ã é í ó õ ú û Ĩ ĩ ʼ Ẽ ẽ Ꞌ ꞌ G̃ g̃ Ã́ ã́ Ẽ́ ẽ́ Ĩ́ ĩ́ Ṍ ṍ Ấ ấ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌́ ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1500
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: draft
ars:
  name: Najdi Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: نجدي
    auxiliary: ڛ ڢ ٯ ڧ ک ی ڥ چ گ ڨ ڭ ڠ
    base: ي و ه ن م ل ك ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا پ ڤ ة
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٰ
    numerals: ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4050000
  speakers_date: 2011-2015
  status: living
  validity: draft
ary:
  name: Moroccan Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: دارجة مغربية
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 30551000
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
arz:
  name: Egyptian Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: مصرى
    auxiliary: ڛ ڢ ٯ ڧ ک ڥ گ ڨ ڭ ڠ
    base: ي و ه ن م ل ك ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د خ ح ج ث ت ب ا ڤ پ ی چ ة ى
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٰ
    numerals: ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 64422000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
asa:
  name: Asu (Tanzania)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kipare
    auxiliary: Q X q x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 500000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: draft
asm:
  name: Assamese
  note: The present standard is identical to the Bengali orthography except for two characters, ৰ (ro) and ৱ (vo); and the character ক্ষ (khya) has evolved into an individual consonant by itself with its own phonetic quality whereas in the Bengali alphabet it is a conjunct.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: অসমীয়া
    base: ৺ অ আ ই ঈ উ ঊ ঋ ৠ ঌ ৡ এ ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য ৰ ল ৱ শ ষ স হ ʼ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ঁ ◌ং ◌ঃ ◌় ◌া ◌ি ◌ী ◌ু ◌ূ ◌ৃ ◌ৄ ◌ে ◌ৈ ◌্ ◌ৗ ◌ৢ ◌ৣ
    numerals: ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯
    script: Bengali
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 14800000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
ast:
  name: Asturian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Asturianu
    base: A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y Z Á É Í Ñ Ó Ú Ü Ḥ Ḷ a b c d e f g h i l m n o p q r s t u v x y z á é í ñ ó ú ü ḥ ḷ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 351791
  speakers_date: 2017
  status: living
  validity: verified
atv:
  name: Northern Altai
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Алтайча
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ј Ҥ Ӧ Ӱ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ј ҥ ӧ ӱ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 5000
  status: living
  validity: draft
auc:
  name: Waorani
  orthographies:
  - base: A B D E G I K M N O P R S T W Y Ã Ẽ Ĩ Õ Ñ a b d e g i k m n o p r s t w y ã ẽ ĩ õ ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2000
  speakers_date: 2004
  validity: draft
aud:
  name: Anuta
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Anuta
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ñ Ó Ú Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ñ ó ú ü
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 270
  speakers_date: 1999
  status: living
  validity: verified
ava:
  name: Avaric
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Авар
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1000000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
avl:
  name: Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: بدوي
    inherit: ajp
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2240000
  speakers_date: 2015-2016
  status: living
  validity: draft
avn:
  name: Avatime
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sia
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɖ Ɛ Ƒ ƒ Ʋ ɔ ɖ ɛ ʋ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - GILLBT
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 24000
  speakers_date: 2003
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
awa:
  name: Awadhi
  note: The speaker counts are 3.85 million (India, 2011) and 501752 (Nepal, 2011)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: अवधी
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल व श ष स ह ऄ ‌ ‍
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ँ ◌ं ◌ः ◌़ ◌ा ◌ि ◌ी ◌ु ◌ू ◌ृ ◌े ◌ै ◌ो ◌ौ ◌्
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Unicode
  speakers: 4351752
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
awe:
  name: Awetí
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Awytyza ti’ingku
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Á Ã Õ á ã õ Ĩ ĩ Ũ ũ ʼ Ẽ ẽ Ỹ ỹ Ꞌ ꞌ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 170
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: draft
ayb:
  name: Ayizo Gbe
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ayizo-nu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z Ɔ Ɖ Ɛ ɔ ɖ ɛ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 5-6.
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 400000
  speakers_date: 2002-2006
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ayc:
  name: Southern Aymara
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Aymar
    inherit: ayr
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1677100
  speakers_date: 2007-2011
  status: living
  validity: verified
ayh:
  name: Hadrami Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: حضرمي
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4560000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: draft
ayl:
  name: Libyan Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ليبي
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4325000
  speakers_date: 1998-2006
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ayn:
  name: Sanaani Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: يمني‎
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Textbook
  speakers: 11100000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ayp:
  name: North Mesopotamian Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: مصلاوي‎
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 8700000
  speakers_date: 1992-2014
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ayr:
  name: Central Aymara
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Aymar
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ï Ñ Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ï ñ ü ’
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1677100
  speakers_date: 2007-2011
  status: living
  validity: verified
azb:
  name: South Azerbaijani
  orthographies:
  - autonym: آذربایجانجا
    base: و ؤ ئ ا خ ع ن پ چ ژ ک گ ۆ ۇ ی ە ݣ ﺏ ﺕ ﺙ ﺝ ﺡ ﺩ ﺫ ﺭ ﺯ ﺱ ﺵ ﺹ ﺽ ﻁ ﻅ ﻍ ﻑ ﻕ ﻝ ﻡ ﻥ ﻩ ﻭ آ ج ب ذ ر
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ْ ◌ٓ ◌ٔ ◌ٛ
    note: Used in Iran.
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  - inherit: azj
    note: Used outside Iran.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 13823350
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
azj:
  name: North Azerbaijani
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Азәрбајҹан
    auxiliary: Й й
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ј Ғ Ҝ Ү Ҹ Һ Ә Ө а б в г д е ж з и к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ј ғ ҝ ү ҹ һ ә ө ʼ
    marks: ◌̆
    note: Official in Dagestan (Russia).
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - auxiliary: Ä ä
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y Z Ç Ö Ü Ğ Ş Ə a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v x y z ç ö ü ğ İ ı ş ə ʼ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - https://www.evertype.com/alphabets/azerbaijani.pdf
  speakers: 23000000
  speakers_date: 2018
  status: living
  validity: verified
azo:
  name: Awing
  orthographies:
  - autonym: awing
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P S T U W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p s t u w y z Á Â É Ê Í Î Ó Ô Ú Û á â é ê í î ó ô ú û Ě ě Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ə Ɛ Ɨ Ǎ ǎ Ǐ ǐ Ǒ ǒ Ǔ ǔ ɔ ə ɛ ɨ ʼ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Christian Alomofor, Stephen C. Anderson, Awing Orthography Guide, SIL, 2005
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 19000
  speakers_date: 2001
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bak:
  name: Bashkir
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Башҡортса
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ғ Ҙ Ҡ Ң Ҫ Ү Һ Ә Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ғ ҙ ҡ ң ҫ ү һ ә ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ç Ö Ü Č Ğ Ķ Ņ Ś Ş Š Ź a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ç ö ü č ğ İ ı ķ ņ ś ş š ź
    marks: ◌́ ◌̆ ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̌ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: deprecated
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1200000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bal:
  includes:
  - bgp
  - bgn
  - bcc
  name: Baluchi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: بلۏچی
    base: ء آ ا ب ت ج د ر ز س ش ل م ن ه و ٹ پ چ ڈ ژ ک گ ی ۏ ے ݔ ࢣ
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ٓ
    numerals: ۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  preferred_as_individual: true
  preferred_name: Balochi
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 7600000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bam:
  name: Bambara
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Bamanankan
    auxiliary: Q V X q v x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y Z Ŋ Ɔ Ɛ Ɲ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y z ŋ ɔ ɛ ɲ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 4100000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
ban:
  name: Balinese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Bali
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z É a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z é
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ᬪᬵᬱᬩᬮᬶ
    auxiliary: ᬡ ᬙ ᬔ ᬥ ᬟ ᬠ ᬣ ᬝ ᬞ ᬰ ᬱ ᬖ ᬪ ᬨ ᬛ
    base: ᬳ ᬦ ᬘ ᬭ ᬓ ᬤ ᬢ ᬲ ᬯ ᬮ ᬫ ᬕ ᬩ ᬗ ᬧ ᬚ ᬬ ᬜ ᬅ ᬆ ᬇ ᬈ ᬋ ᬌ ᬍ ᬎ ᬉ ᬊ ᬏ ᬐ ᬑ ᬒ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ᬀ ◌ᬁ ◌ᬂ ◌ᬃ ◌ᬄ ◌᬴ ◌ᬵ ◌ᬶ ◌ᬷ ◌ᬸ ◌ᬹ ◌ᬺ ◌ᬾ ◌ᬿ
    note: The Latin script is the most used nowadays.
    numerals: ᭐ ᭕ ᭑ ᭖ ᭒ ᭗ ᭓ ᭘ ᭔ ᭙ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: ᭞ ᭟ ᭝ ᭜ ᭚ ᭛ ᭠
    script: Balinese
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - http://repositori.perpustakaan.kemdikbud.go.id/3299/1/pedoman%20umum%20ejaan%20bahasa%20bali%20denganhuruf%20latin%202013%20%20%20%20%20%2062h.pdf
  speakers: 3300000
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
bas:
  name: Basa (Cameroon)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Basaa
    auxiliary: Q X q x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z À Á Â È É Ê Ì Í Î Ò Ó Ô Ù Ú Û Ā Ē Ě Ī Ń Ŋ Ō Ū Ǎ Ǐ Ǒ Ǔ Ǹ Ɓ Ɔ Ɛ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z à á â è é ê ì í î ò ó ô ù ú û ā ē ě ī ń ŋ ō ū ǎ ǐ ǒ ǔ ǹ ɓ ɔ ɛ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̌ ◌᷆ ◌᷇
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 300000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bax:
  name: Bamun
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ꛀꛣꚧꚳ
    base: ꚠ ꚰ ꛀ ꛐ ꛠ ꚡ ꚱ ꛁ ꛑ ꛡ ꚢ ꚲ ꛂ ꛒ ꛢ ꛲ ꚣ ꚳ ꛃ ꛓ ꛣ ꛳ ꚤ ꚴ ꛄ ꛔ ꛤ ꛴ ꚥ ꚵ ꛅ ꛕ ꛥ ꛵ ꚦ ꚶ ꛆ ꛖ ꛦ ꛶ ꚧ ꚷ ꛇ ꛗ ꛧ ꛷ ꚨ ꚸ ꛈ ꛘ ꛨ ꚩ ꚹ ꛉ ꛙ ꛩ ꚪ ꚺ ꛊ ꛚ ꛪ ꚫ ꚻ ꛋ ꛛ ꛫ ꚬ ꚼ ꛌ ꛜ ꛬ ꚭ ꚽ ꛍ ꛝ ꛭ ꚮ ꚾ ꛎ ꛞ ꛮ ꚯ ꚿ ꛏ ꛟ ꛯ
    script: Bamun
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 420000
  speakers_date: 2005
  validity: preliminary
bba:
  name: Baatonum
  orthographies:
  - autonym: baatɔnum
    base: A B D E Ɛ F G I K L M N O Ɔ P R S T U W Y a b d e ɛ f g i k l m n o ɔ p r s t u w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 9-10.
  speakers: 560000
  speakers_date: 1995
  validity: preliminary
bbc:
  name: Batak Toba
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Batak Toba
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ᯂᯖᯅᯖᯂ᯲ᯖᯬᯅ
    base: ᯀ ᯂ ᯅ ᯇ ᯉ ᯋ ᯍ ᯎ ᯐ ᯑ ᯒ ᯔ ᯖ ᯗ ᯘ ᯛ ᯝ ᯞ ᯠ ᯤ ᯥ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ᯩ ◌ᯪ ◌ᯬ ◌ᯮ ◌ᯰ ◌᯲
    note: The Latin script is the most used nowadays.
    punctuation: ᯼ ᯽ ᯾ ᯿
    script: Batak
    status: secondary
  source:
  - https://www.omniglot.com/writing/batak.htm
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_script
  - https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bbc
  - https://lindenbergsoftware.com/en/notes/constructing-fonts-for-batak/index.html
  speakers: 2000000
  speakers_date: 1991
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bci:
  name: Baoulé
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E Ɛ F G I J K L M N O Ɔ P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e ɛ f g i j k l m n o ɔ p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4700000
  speakers_date: 2017
  validity: preliminary
bdk:
  name: Budukh
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Будад мез
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ӏ Ә а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ӏ ә
    marks: ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 200
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
beh:
  name: Biali
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Byali
    auxiliary: Ə ə
    base: A B C D E Ǝ F G H I K L M N O P R S T U W Y Á É Í Ó Ú a b c d e ǝ f g h i k l m n o p r s t u w y á é í ó úa
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 13-14.
  - https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/53773
  speakers: 100000
  speakers_date: 2002
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bel:
  name: Belarusian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Беларуская
    auxiliary: Ґ ґ
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё І Ў а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё і ў ’
    design_alternates: ◌̆
    design_requirements:
    - The form of the Cyrillic breve mark (marked in the previews) differs from the Latin-script breve that is asociated with the same Unicode codepoint.
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Biełaruskaja
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ć Č Ł Ń Ś Š Ŭ Ź Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ć č ł ń ś š ŭ ź ž
    marks: ◌́ ◌̆ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: deprecated
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet
  - https://www.evertype.com/alphabets/belarusian.pdf
  speakers: 5100000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bem:
  name: Bemba (Zambia)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Chibemba
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P S T U V W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p s t u v w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4100000
  speakers_date: 2000-2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
ben:
  name: Bengali
  orthographies:
  - autonym: বাংলা
    base: ৺ অ আ ই ঈ উ ঊ ঋ ৠ ঌ ৡ এ ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ ত ৎ থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য র ল শ ষ স হ ঽ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ঁ ◌ং ◌ঃ ◌় ◌া ◌ি ◌ী ◌ু ◌ূ ◌ৃ ◌ৄ ◌ে ◌ৈ ◌্ ◌ৗ ◌ৢ ◌ৣ
    numerals: ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯
    script: Bengali
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 230000000
  speakers_date: 2011-2017
  validity: preliminary
bez:
  name: Bena (Tanzania)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ekibena
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 670000
  speakers_date: 2001
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bfa:
  name: Bari
  orthographies:
  - base: A B D E G I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y Ŋ Ö a b d e g i j k l m n o p r s t u w y ŋ ö '
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 750000
  speakers_date: 2000-2014
  validity: preliminary
bhh:
  name: Bukharic
  note: The speaker count date is for Israel and Uzbekistan, others are unknown.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: בוכארי
    inherit: heb
    script: Hebrew
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niqqud
  speakers: 110000
  speakers_date: 1995
  status: living
  validity: draft
bho:
  name: Bhojpuri
  orthographies:
  - autonym: भोजपुरी
    inherit: mag
    note: The use of the Kaithi script is declining. Devanagari is currently the most commonly used script for oficial documents.
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  - autonym: 𑂦𑂷𑂔𑂣𑂳𑂩𑂲
    base: 𑂃 𑂄 𑂅 𑂆 𑂇 𑂈 𑂉 𑂊 𑂋 𑂌 𑂍 𑂎 𑂏 𑂐 𑂑 𑂒 𑂓 𑂔 𑂕 𑂖 𑂗 𑂘 𑂙 𑂚 𑂛 𑂜 𑂝 𑂞 𑂟 𑂠 𑂡 𑂢 𑂣 𑂤 𑂥 𑂦 𑂧 𑂨 𑂩 𑂪 𑂫 𑂬 𑂭 𑂮 𑂯
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌𑂀 ◌𑂂 ◌𑂰 ◌𑂲 ◌𑂳 ◌𑂴 ◌𑂵 ◌𑂶 ◌𑂸 ◌𑂺
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    script: Kaithi
    status: historical
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 51000000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
bik:
  includes:
  - bcl
  - bhk
  - bln
  - bto
  - cts
  - fbl
  - lbl
  - rbl
  - ubl
  name: Bikol
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Pandan Bikol
    auxiliary: C E F J Q V X Z c e f j q v x z
    base: A B D G H I K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b d g h i k l m n o p r s t u w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_as_individual: true
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 78000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: verified
bin:
  name: Bini
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ẹ̀dó
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z Á É È Ẹ Í Ó Ò Ọ Ú a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u v w y z á é è ẹ í ó ò ọ ú '
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1600000
  speakers_date: 2015
  validity: preliminary
bis:
  name: Bislama
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Bislama
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Bislama dictionary
  speakers: 10000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: verified
bjt:
  name: Balante-Ganja
  orthographies:
  - autonym: balant
    base: A B D E F G H I J L M N O R S T U W Y a b d e f g h i j l m n o r s t u w y Ñ ñ Ŋ ŋ Ŧ ŧ Ɓ ɓ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Sénégal, Décret no 2005-979 relatif à l’orthographe et la séparation des mots en balant, 21 octobre 2005
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 96000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
blo:
  name: Anii
  orthographies:
  - autonym: anii
    base: A B C E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b c e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y À Á Â È É Ê Ì Í Î Ò Ó Ô Ù Ú Û à á â è é ê ì í î ò ó ô ù ú û Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɖ Ǝ Ɛ Ɩ Ʊ ǝ ɔ ɖ ɛ ɩ ʊ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̀ ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 7-8.
  - Zaske Stefanie, Atti Kalam Hakimou. 2014. Atɩgɩkrǝ anii kʊŋɔn Écriture de la langue anii. SIL, Bassila. http://gasana.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/BLO_Ling_OR4.pdf
  speakers: 49000
  speakers_date: 2011-2012
  validity: preliminary
blt:
  name: Tai Dam
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ꪼꪕꪒꪾ
    auxiliary: ꫛ ꫜ ꫝ ꫞ ꫟
    base: ꪀ ꪁ ꪂ ꪃ ꪄ ꪅ ꪆ ꪇ ꪈ ꪉ ꪊ ꪋ ꪌ ꪍ ꪎ ꪏ ꪐ ꪑ ꪒ ꪓ ꪔ ꪕ ꪖ ꪗ ꪘ ꪙ ꪚ ꪛ ꪜ ꪝ ꪞ ꪟ ꪠ ꪡ ꪢ ꪣ ꪤ ꪥ ꪦ ꪧ ꪨ ꪩ ꪪ ꪫ ꪬ ꪭ ꪮ ꪯ ꪱ ꪵ ꪶ ꪹ ꪺ ꪻ ꪼ ꪽ ꫀ ꫂ
    marks: ◌ꪰ ◌ꪲ ◌ꪳ ◌ꪴ ◌ꪷ ◌ꪸ ◌ꪾ ◌꪿ ◌꫁
    script: Tai viet
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 760000
  speakers_date: 1995-2002
  validity: preliminary
bmq:
  name: Bomu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: bomu
    base: A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u v w y z Ɓ Ɛ Ɲ ɓ ɛ ɲ ʼ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Mali, Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d’orthographe des langues nationales, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 150000
  speakers_date: 1976-1991
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
boa:
  name: Bora
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Meamuyna
    base: A B C D E G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Ɨ Ñ a b c d e g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y ɨ ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2400
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
bod:
  name: Tibetan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: བོད་སྐད་
    base: ཀ ཁ ག ང ཅ ཆ ཇ ཉ ཏ ཐ ད ན པ ཕ བ མ ཙ ཚ ཛ ཝ ཞ ཟ འ ཡ ར ལ ཤ ས ཧ ཨ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ི ◌ུ ◌ེ ◌ོ
    numerals: ༠ ༡ ༢ ༣ ༤ ༥ ༦ ༧ ༨ ༩
    punctuation: ༄ ༈ ་ ། ༎ ༔ ༺ ༻
    script: Tibetan
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1200000
  speakers_date: 1990
  validity: preliminary
bos:
  name: Bosnian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Босански
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ђ Ј Љ Њ Ћ Џ а б в г д е ж з и к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш ђ ј љ њ ћ џ
    design_alternates: б ◌̆
    design_requirements:
    - The form of the Cyrillic breve mark (marked in the previews) differs from the Latin-script breve that is asociated with the same Unicode codepoint.
    - Correct positioning of an acute mark above vowel characters may be required.
    - In italic, some characters (marked in the previews) use a form that differs from the defaults associated with the Unicode codepoints (typically the Russian form of Cyrillic).
    script: Cyrillic
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Bosanski
    auxiliary: Ǆ ǅ ǆ Ǉ ǈ ǉ Ǌ ǋ ǌ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V Z Ć Č Đ Š Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v z ć č đ š ž
    design_requirements:
    - Digraphs ‹dž›, ‹lj›, and ‹nj› in their uppercase, titlecase, and lowercase forms have dedicated Unicode codepoints in the auxiliary set. However, these were included chiefly for backwards compatibility with legacy encodings which kept a one-to-one correspondence with Cyrillic.
    marks: ◌́ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - https://www.evertype.com/alphabets/bosnian.pdf
  speakers: 3000000
  speakers_date: 2008
  status: living
  validity: verified
boz:
  name: Tiéyaxo Bozo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: bozo-tigemaxoo
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W X Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w x y Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɛ Ɲ ɔ ɛ ɲ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - 'Lisons le bozo: Cours d’introduction pour tous ceux qui parlent le bozo-tigemaxo et qui savent lire en français, Sevaré, république du Mali, Équipe Bozo, 2010'
  - République du Mali, Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d’orthographe des langues nationales, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993
  - Wikipedia
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bpy:
  name: Bishnupriya
  orthographies:
  - autonym: বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী
    base: অ আ ই ঈ উ ঊ ঋ এ ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য র ল ৱ শ ষ স হ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ঁ ◌ং ◌ঃ ◌় ◌া ◌ি ◌ী ◌ু ◌ূ ◌ৃ ◌ে ◌ৈ ◌্ ◌ৗ
    numerals: ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯
    script: Bengali
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1760000
  speakers_date: 2020
  validity: preliminary
bqc:
  name: Boko (Benin)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: boo
    base: A B D E Ɛ F G I K L M N O Ɔ P R S T U V W Y Z À Á Ã È É Ì Í Ĩ Ò Ó Ù Ú Ũ a b d e ɛ f g i k l m n o ɔ p r s t u v w y z à á ã è é ì í ĩ ò ó ù ú ũ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̀ ◌̌ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 11-12.
  speakers: 150000
  spearkers_data: 2012
  validity: preliminary
bre:
  name: Breton
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Brezhoneg
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z Ê Ñ Ù a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z ê ñ ù
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 226000
  speakers_date: 2018
  status: living
  validity: verified
brx:
  name: Bodo (India)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: बरʼ
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल व श ष स ह ʼ ‌ ‍
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ँ ◌ं ◌ः ◌़ ◌ा ◌ि ◌ी ◌ु ◌ू ◌ृ ◌े ◌ै ◌ो ◌ौ ◌्
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Unicode
  speakers: 1400000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
bsc:
  name: Bassari
  orthographies:
  - autonym: oniyan
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y É Ë Ñ Ó é ë ñ ó Ĥ ĥ Ŋ ŋ Ŝ ŝ Ŵ ŵ Ŷ ŷ Ɓ Ɗ Ƴ ƴ ɓ ɗ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̂ ◌̃
    note: Senegal
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: oneyan
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y Ŋ ŋ Ɓ Ɔ Ɗ Ǝ Ɛ Ɲ Ʃ Ƴ ƴ ǝ Ɉ ɉ ɓ ɔ ɗ ɛ ɲ ʃ
    note: Guinea
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Institut de recherches linguistiques appliquées, Le nouvel alphabet des langues guinéennes, Conakry, Institut de recherches linguistiques appliquées, 2015
  - République du Sénégal, Décret no 2005-987 relatif à l’orthographe et la séparation des mots en oniyan, 21 octobre 2005
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 33600
  speakers_date: 2014-2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bss:
  name: Akoose
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Akɔɔse
    base: A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y á â é ê í î ó ô ú û ě Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ə Ɛ ǎ ǐ ǒ ǔ ɔ ə ɛ ʼ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Bakossi Language Committee, E’kii bé Akɔɔse (The Bakossi Alphabet), SIL Camerun, 1995
  - Wikipedia
  - https://www.webonary.org/akoose
  speakers: 100000
  speakers_date: 2001
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
btd:
  name: Batak Dairi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Pakpak Dairi
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ᯂᯗᯇᯂ᯲ᯇᯂ᯲
    base: ᯀ ᯂ ᯅ ᯇ ᯉ ᯍ ᯎ ᯐ ᯑ ᯒ ᯔ ᯗ ᯘ ᯛ ᯝ ᯞ ᯤ ᯥ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ᯨ ◌ᯩ ◌ᯪ ◌ᯬ ◌ᯮ ◌ᯰ ◌ᯱ ◌᯲ ◌ᯧ
    note: The Latin script is the most used nowadays.
    punctuation: ᯼ ᯽ ᯾ ᯿
    script: Batak
    status: secondary
  source:
  - https://www.omniglot.com/writing/batak.htm
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_script
  - https://www.ethnologue.com/language/btd
  - https://lindenbergsoftware.com/en/notes/constructing-fonts-for-batak/index.html
  speakers: 1200000
  speakers_date: 1991
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
btm:
  name: Batak Mandailing
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mandailing
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ᯚᯒᯬᯔᯉ᯲ᯑᯤᯞᯪᯰ
    auxiliary: ᯂ ᯃ ᯊ ᯘ ᯙ
    base: ᯀ ᯄ ᯅ ᯇ ᯉ ᯋ ᯎ ᯐ ᯑ ᯒ ᯔ ᯖ ᯚ ᯛ ᯝ ᯞ ᯠ ᯤ ᯥ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌᯦ ◌ᯩ ◌ᯪ ◌ᯬ ◌ᯮ ◌ᯰ ◌᯲
    note: The Latin script is the most used nowadays.
    punctuation: ᯼ ᯽ ᯾ ᯿
    script: Batak
    status: secondary
  source:
  - https://www.omniglot.com/writing/batak.htm
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_script
  - https://www.ethnologue.com/language/btm
  - https://lindenbergsoftware.com/en/notes/constructing-fonts-for-batak/index.html
  speakers: 1100000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bts:
  name: Batak Simalungun
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Simalungun
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ᯙᯃᯈ᯳ᯙᯫᯕᯟᯮᯝᯮᯉ᯳
    auxiliary: ᯚ
    base: ᯁ ᯃ ᯅ ᯈ ᯉ ᯌ ᯏ ᯐ ᯑ ᯓ ᯕ ᯖ ᯙ ᯜ ᯝ ᯟ ᯠ ᯤ ᯥ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ᯩ ◌ᯫ ◌ᯬ ◌ᯭ ◌ᯮ ◌ᯯ ◌ᯰ ◌ᯱ ◌᯳
    note: The Latin script is the most used nowadays.
    punctuation: ᯼ ᯽ ᯾ ᯿
    script: Batak
    status: secondary
  source:
  - https://www.omniglot.com/writing/batak.htm
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_script
  - https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bts
  - https://lindenbergsoftware.com/en/notes/constructing-fonts-for-batak/index.html
  speakers: 1200000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
btx:
  name: Batak Karo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Karo
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ᯡᯂᯇ᯳ᯂᯒᯭ
    base: ᯀ ᯂ ᯅ ᯆ ᯇ ᯉ ᯋ ᯎ ᯐ ᯑ ᯒ ᯔ ᯗ ᯘ ᯛ ᯝ ᯞ ᯠ ᯡ ᯢ ᯣ ᯤ ᯥ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ᯧ ◌ᯨ ◌ᯩ ◌ᯪ ◌ᯫ ◌ᯬ ◌ᯭ ◌ᯰ ◌ᯱ ◌᯳
    note: The Latin script is the most used nowadays.
    punctuation: ᯼ ᯽ ᯾ ᯿
    script: Batak
    status: secondary
  source:
  - https://www.omniglot.com/writing/batak.htm
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_script
  - https://www.ethnologue.com/language/btx
  - https://lindenbergsoftware.com/en/notes/constructing-fonts-for-batak/index.html
  speakers: 600000
  speakers_date: 1991
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
buc:
  autonym: Kibushi
  name: Bushi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Shibushi
    auxiliary: C J Q c j q
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z Ɓ Ɗ N̈ a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z ɓ ɗ n̈
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 47900
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bug:
  name: Buginese
  note: The number of speakers includes 500000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Basa Ugi
    inherit: zsm
    note: The use of the Buginese script seems to be declining with the Latin script taking over. Omniglot indicates ‹Ə, ə› are used, but Wikipedia states that “general Indonesian spelling conventions are applied” which is what this orthography adheres to.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ᨅᨔ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ
    base: ᨀ ᨁ ᨂ ᨃ ᨄ ᨅ ᨆ ᨇ ᨈ ᨉ ᨊ ᨋ ᨌ ᨍ ᨎ ᨏ ᨐ ᨑ ᨒ ᨓ ᨔ ᨕ ᨖ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and some character combinations have to be resolved to properly represent the language.
    marks: ◌ᨗ ◌ᨘ ◌ᨙ ◌ᨚ ◌ᨛ
    note: The script is also called Lontara
    punctuation: ᨞ ᨟
    script: Buginese
    status: primary
  source:
  - https://omniglot.com/writing/bugis.htm
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buginese_language
  speakers: 4000000
  speakers_date: 2015
  validity: preliminary
bul:
  name: Bulgarian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Български
    auxiliary: А̀ О̀ У̀ Ъ̀ Ю̀ Я̀ а̀ о̀ у̀ ъ̀ ю̀ я̀
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ь Ю Я Ѐ Ѝ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ь ю я ѐ ѝ
    design_alternates: Л Ѝ в г д ж з и й ѝ к л п т ц ш щ ю ◌̆
    design_requirements:
    - The form of the Cyrillic breve mark (marked in the previews) differs from the Latin-script breve that is asociated with the same Unicode codepoint.
    - Correct positioning of a grave mark above vowel characters may be required.
    - Some characters (marked in the previews) use a form that differs from the defaults associated with the Unicode codepoints (typically the Russian form of Cyrillic).
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_alphabet
  speakers: 9000000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: verified
bxm:
  name: Mongolia Buriat
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Буряад
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ү Һ Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ү һ ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Buryaad
    base: A B C Ç D E F G H I J K L M N O Ө P R S Ş T U V X Y Z Ƶ a b c ç d e f g h i j k l m n o ө p r s ş t u v x y z ƶ
    marks: ◌̧
    note: Used in 1931–1939.
    script: Latin
    status: deprecated
  preferred_name: Mongolian Buriat
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 35000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bxr:
  name: Russia Buriat
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Буряад
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ү Һ Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ү һ ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Buryaad
    base: A B C Ç D E F G H I J K L M N O Ө P R S Ş T U V X Y Z Ƶ a b c ç d e f g h i j k l m n o ө p r s ş t u v x y z ƶ
    marks: ◌̧
    note: Used in 1931–1939.
    script: Latin
    status: deprecated
  preferred_name: Russian Buriat
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 353113
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
bxu:
  name: China Buriat
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Буряад
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ү Һ Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ү һ ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Buryaad
    base: A B C Ç D E F G H I J K L M N O Ө P R S Ş T U V X Y Z Ƶ a b c ç d e f g h i j k l m n o ө p r s ş t u v x y z ƶ
    marks: ◌̧
    note: Used in 1931–1939.
    script: Latin
    status: deprecated
  preferred_name: Chinese Buriat
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 65000
  speakers_date: 1982
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
byv:
  name: Medumba
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mə̀dʉ̂mbɑ̀
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o s t u v w y z À Â È Ê Ì Î Ò Ô Ù Û à â è ê ì î ò ô ù û Ě ě Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ə Ɛ Ǎ ǎ Ǐ ǐ Ǒ ǒ Ǔ ǔ Ʉ ɑ ɔ ə ɛ ʉ ʼ Ɑ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 210000
  speakers_date: 1991
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
bze:
  name: Jenaama Bozo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: bozo-jenaama
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɛ Ɲ ɔ ɛ ɲ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - 'Lisons le bozo: Cours d’introduction pour tous ceux qui parlent le bozo-djenama et qui savent lire en français, Sevaré, république du Mali, Équipe Bozo, 2010'
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 200000
  speakers_date: 2005
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
cab:
  name: Garifuna
  note: The speaker counts are uncertain.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Garífuna
    base: A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U W Y Ñ Ü a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u w y ñ ü
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 190000
  speakers_date: 1997
  validity: preliminary
cak:
  name: Kaqchikel
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kaqchikel Chʼabʼäl
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ë ï ö ü ʼ
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 450000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
cat:
  name: Catalan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Català
    auxiliary: Ŀ ŀ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Ç È É Í Ï Ò Ó Ú Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à ç è é í ï ò ó ú ü
    design_alternates: · Ŀ ŀ
    design_requirements:
    - Consideration should be given to the design and spacing of the middle dot ‹·› (punt volat, marked in the previews).
    - The use of legacy characters ‹Ŀ, ŀ› is discouraged.
    - Some font developers decompose ‹Ŀ, ŀ› (marked in the previews) automatically to adapt the position of the middle dot to changes in the overall spacing (tracking).
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 4100000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
cbi:
  name: Chachi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Cha'palaa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J L M N P R S T U V Y Ã Ẽ Ĩ Ũ Ñ a b c d e f g h i j l m n p r s t u v y ' ã ẽ ĩ ũ ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 10000
  speakers_date: 2013
  validity: preliminary
cbk:
  name: Chavacano
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Chavacano
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ñ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 689000
  speakers_date: 1992
  status: living
  validity: verified
cbr:
  name: Cashibo-Cacataibo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Cacataibo
    base: A B C E I M N O P Q R S T U X Ë Ï Õ Ñ a b c e i m n o p q r s t u x ' ë ï õ ñ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1200
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
cbs:
  name: Cashinahua
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Hantxa Kuin
    base: A B C D E H I J K M N P S T U V X Y Ẽ Ĩ Ã Ũ a b c d e h i j k m n p s t u v x y ' ẽ ĩ ã ũ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1200
  speakers_date: 2003-2007
  validity: preliminary
cbt:
  name: Chayahuita
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Shawi
    base: A H I U K M N P R S T W Ɨ Č Š a h i u k m n p r s t w ɨ č š
    marks: ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 14000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
cbu:
  name: Candoshi-Shapra
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D G H I K L M N O P R S T U V X Y Z a b c d g h i k l m n o p r s t u v x y z '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1120
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
ccp:
  name: Chakma
  note: There are approximately 326000 speakers in Bangladesh and 228281 in India.
  orthographies:
  - base: 𑄃 𑄄 𑄅 𑄆 𑄇 𑄈 𑄉 𑄊 𑄋 𑄌 𑄍 𑄎 𑄏 𑄐 𑄑 𑄒 𑄓 𑄔 𑄕 𑄖 𑄗 𑄘 𑄙 𑄚 𑄛 𑄜 𑄝 𑄞 𑄟 𑄠 𑄡 𑄢 𑄣 𑄤 𑄥 𑄦
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌𑄀 ◌𑄁 ◌𑄂 ◌𑄧 ◌𑄨 ◌𑄩 ◌𑄪 ◌𑄫 ◌𑄬 ◌𑄭 ◌𑄰 ◌𑄱 ◌𑄲 ◌𑄳 ◌𑄴
    numerals: 𑄶 𑄷 𑄸 𑄹 𑄺 𑄻 𑄼 𑄽 𑄾 𑄿 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: 𑅁 𑅂 𑅃 𑅀
    script: Chakma
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 554281
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
ceb:
  name: Cebuano
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Binisaya
    base: A B D E G H I K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b d e g h i k l m n o p r s t u w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 16000000
  speakers_date: 2005
  status: living
  validity: verified
ces:
  name: Czech
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Čeština
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú Ý Č Ď Ě Ň Ř Š Ť Ů Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ó ú ý č ď ě ň ř š ť ů ž
    marks: ◌́ ◌̊ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Native
  speakers: 10700000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
cfm:
  name: Falam Chin
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T Ṭ U V Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t ṭ u v z
    marks: ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 107000
  speakers_date: 1983-2001
  validity: draft
cgg:
  name: Chiga
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Rukiga
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 1600000
  speakers_date: 2002
  status: living
  validity: verified
cha:
  name: Chamorro
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Chamorru
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Å Ñ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z å ñ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̊
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Chamorro dictionary
  speakers: 58000
  speakers_date: 2005-2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
che:
  name: Chechen
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Нохчийн мотт
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 1400000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
chj:
  name: Ojitlán Chinantec
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Chinanteco de San Lucas Ojitlán
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U Ë Ø a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u ë ø
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 38000
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
chk:
  name: Chuukese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Chuuk
    base: A C E F H I K M N O P R S T U W Y Á É Ó Ú a c e f h i k m n o p r s t u w y á é ó ú
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 51330
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
chr:
  name: Cherokee
  note: Presently almost extinct.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ
    base: Ꭰ Ꭱ Ꭲ Ꭳ Ꭴ Ꭵ Ꭶ Ꭷ Ꭸ Ꭹ Ꭺ Ꭻ Ꭼ Ꭽ Ꭾ Ꭿ Ꮀ Ꮁ Ꮂ Ꮃ Ꮄ Ꮅ Ꮆ Ꮇ Ꮈ Ꮉ Ꮊ Ꮋ Ꮌ Ꮍ Ꮎ Ꮏ Ꮐ Ꮑ Ꮒ Ꮓ Ꮔ Ꮕ Ꮖ Ꮗ Ꮘ Ꮙ Ꮚ Ꮛ Ꮜ Ꮝ Ꮞ Ꮟ Ꮠ Ꮡ Ꮢ Ꮣ Ꮤ Ꮥ Ꮦ Ꮧ Ꮨ Ꮩ Ꮪ Ꮫ Ꮬ Ꮭ Ꮮ Ꮯ Ꮰ Ꮱ Ꮲ Ꮳ Ꮴ Ꮵ Ꮶ Ꮷ Ꮸ Ꮹ Ꮺ Ꮻ Ꮼ Ꮽ Ꮾ Ꮿ Ᏸ Ᏹ Ᏺ Ᏻ Ᏼ ꭰ ꭱ ꭲ ꭳ ꭴ ꭵ ꭶ ꭷ ꭸ ꭹ ꭺ ꭻ ꭼ ꭽ ꭾ ꭿ ꮀ ꮁ ꮂ ꮃ ꮄ ꮅ ꮆ ꮇ ꮈ ꮉ ꮊ ꮋ ꮌ ꮍ ꮎ ꮏ ꮐ ꮑ ꮒ ꮓ ꮔ ꮕ ꮖ ꮗ ꮘ ꮙ ꮚ ꮛ ꮜ ꮝ ꮞ ꮟ ꮠ ꮡ ꮢ ꮣ ꮤ ꮥ ꮦ ꮧ ꮨ ꮩ ꮪ ꮫ ꮬ ꮭ ꮮ ꮯ ꮰ ꮱ ꮲ ꮳ ꮴ ꮵ ꮶ ꮷ ꮸ ꮹ ꮺ ꮻ ꮼ ꮽ ꮾ ꮿ ᏸ ᏹ ᏺ ᏻ ᏼ
    script: Cherokee
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1520
  speakers_date: 2018-2019
  validity: preliminary
chu:
  name: Church Slavic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Церковнослове́нскїй
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Ю Є Ѕ Џ Ѥ Ѩ Ѭ Ҁ І Ї Ѡ Ѣ Ѧ Ѫ Ѯ Ѱ Ѳ Ѵ Ѷ Ѻ Ѽ Ѿ Ꙁ Ꙋ Ꙍ Ꙗ Ꙃ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь ю є ѕ џ ѥ ѩ ѭ ҁ і ї ѡ ѣ ѧ ѫ ѯ ѱ ѳ ѵ ѷ ѻ ѽ ѿ ꙁ ꙋ ꙍ ꙗ ꙃ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌̏
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 0
  status: ancient
  validity: verified
chv:
  name: Chuvash
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Чӑвашла
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ҫ Ӑ Ӗ Ӳ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ҫ ӑ ӗ ӳ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌̋
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1042989
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
cic:
  name: Chickasaw
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Chikashshanompa'
    base: A B C F G H I K L M N O P S T W Y A̠ I̠ O̠ a b c f g h i k l m n o p s t w y a̠ i̠ o̠ '
    marks: ◌̠
    note: Two orthographies (Humes and Munro-Willmond) were created. The current primary orthography seems to follow Munro-Willmond.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: Chikashshanompa'
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ó ú '
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 75
  speakers_date: 2017
  status: living
  validity: verified
cim:
  name: Cimbrian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Zimbar
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä À È É Ì Ò Ó Ô Ö Ù Ü Ć a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä à è é ì ò ó ô ö ù ü ć
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 400
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
cji:
  name: Chamalal
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Чамалалдуб
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 500
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
cjk:
  name: Chokwe
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ucokwe
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 980000
  speakers_date: 1990-1991
  validity: preliminary
cjs:
  name: Shor
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Шор
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ғ Қ Ң Ӧ Ӱ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ғ қ ң ӧ ӱ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2800
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
cjy:
  name: Jinyu Chinese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: 晋语 / 晉語
    inherit: cmn
    script: Chinese
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 63050000
  speakers_date: 2012
  validity: draft
ckb:
  name: Central Kurdish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Soranî
    auxiliary: Ḧ Ẍ ḧ ẍ '
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ç Ê Î Ş Û Ł Ň Ř Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ç ê î ş û ł ň ř ü
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̌ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: سۆرانی
    base: ا ب ت ج ح خ د ر ز س ش ع غ ف ق ل م ن و پ چ ڕ ژ ڤ ک گ ڵ ھ ۆ ی ێ ە
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 7250000
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
cko:
  name: Anufo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Anufo
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɛ ɔ ɛ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Rhonda L. Hartell, Alphabets de langues africaines, 1993, p. 288
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 180000
  speakers_date: 2013
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ckt:
  name: Chukot
  note: The speaker count is based on 32% proportion of the total population.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӄ Ӈ Ԓ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӄ ӈ ԓ ’
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5095
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
cmn:
  name: Mandarin Chinese
  note: There are approximately 200000000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: 普通话 / 汉语
    auxiliary: 乒 乓 仂 仓 伞 侣 傈 傣 僳 冥 凉 刨 匕 卑 卞 厘 厦 厨 吕 呣 唇 啤 啮 喱 嗅 噘 噢 坝 堤 墟 奎 妆 婴 媚 宅 寺 尬 尴 屑 屿 巽 巾 弓 彗 惊 戟 扔 扰 扳 抛 挂 捂 摇 撅 撤 杆 杖 柜 柱 栗 栽 桶 棍 棕 棺 楔 楠 榈 槟 橙 洒 浆 涌 淇 滕 滚 滩 灾 烛 烟 焰 煎 犬 猫 瑚 瓢 甫 皱 盆 盔 盲 眨 眯 瞌 矿 碑 祈 祭 祷 禄 稻 竿 笼 筒 篷 粟 粮 纠 纬 缆 缎 耸 脚 舔 舵 艇 艮 芽 苜 苞 菇 菱 葫 葵 蒸 蓿 蔽 薯 蘑 蚂 蛛 蜗 蜘 蜡 蝎 蝴 螃 裹 谍 谬 豚 账 跤 踪 躬 轴 辐 迹 郁 鄙 酢 钉 钥 钮 钯 铂 铅 铛 锄 锑 锚 锤 镑 闺 阱 隧 雕 霾 靴 靶 鞠 颠 馏 驼 骆 髦 魁 鲤 鲸 鳄 鸽
    base: 一 丁 七 万 丈 三 上 下 丌 不 与 丑 专 且 世 丘 丙 业 东 丝 丢 两 严 丧 个 中 丰 串 临 丸 丹 为 主 丽 举 乃 久 么 义 之 乌 乍 乎 乏 乐 乔 乖 乘 乙 九 也 习 乡 书 买 乱 乾 了 予 争 事 二 于 亏 云 互 五 井 亚 些 亡 交 亥 亦 产 亨 享 京 亮 亲 人 亿 什 仁 仅 仇 今 介 仍 从 仔 他 付 仙 代 令 以 仪 们 仰 仲 件 价 任 份 仿 企 伊 伍 伏 伐 休 众 优 伙 会 伟 传 伤 伦 伯 估 伴 伸 似 伽 但 位 低 住 佐 佑 体 何 余 佛 作 你 佤 佩 佳 使 例 供 依 侠 侦 侧 侨 侬 侯 侵 便 促 俄 俊 俗 保 信 俩 修 俱 俾 倍 倒 候 倚 借 倦 值 倾 假 偌 偏 做 停 健 偶 偷 储 催 傲 傻 像 僧 儒 儿 允 元 兄 充 兆 先 光 克 免 兑 兔 党 入 全 八 公 六 兮 兰 共 关 兴 兵 其 具 典 兹 养 兼 兽 内 冈 册 再 冒 写 军 农 冠 冬 冰 冲 决 况 冷 准 凌 减 凝 几 凡 凤 凭 凯 凰 出 击 函 刀 分 切 刊 刑 划 列 刘 则 刚 创 初 判 利 别 到 制 刷 券 刺 刻 剂 前 剑 剧 剩 剪 副 割 力 劝 办 功 加 务 劣 动 助 努 劫 励 劲 劳 势 勇 勉 勋 勒 勤 勾 勿 包 匆 匈 化 北 匙 匹 区 医 十 千 升 午 半 华 协 卒 卓 单 卖 南 博 占 卡 卢 卫 卯 印 危 即 却 卷 厂 厄 厅 历 厉 压 厌 厍 厚 原 去 县 参 又 叉 及 友 双 反 发 叔 取 受 变 叙 口 古 句 另 只 叫 召 叭 可 台 史 右 叶 号 司 叹 吃 各 合 吉 吊 同 名 后 吐 向 吓 吗 君 吝 吟 否 吧 含 听 启 吵 吸 吹 吻 吾 呀 呆 呈 告 呐 员 呜 呢 呦 周 味 呵 呼 命 和 咖 咦 咧 咨 咪 咬 咯 咱 哀 品 哇 哈 哉 响 哎 哟 哥 哦 哩 哪 哭 哲 唉 唐 唤 唬 售 唯 唱 唷 商 啊 啡 啥 啦 啪 喀 喂 善 喇 喊 喏 喔 喜 喝 喵 喷 喻 嗒 嗨 嗯 嘉 嘛 嘴 嘻 嘿 器 四 回 因 团 园 困 围 固 国 图 圆 圈 土 圣 在 圭 地 圳 场 圾 址 均 坎 坐 坑 块 坚 坛 坜 坡
      坤 坦 坪 垂 垃 型 垒 埃 埋 城 埔 域 培 基 堂 堆 堕 堡 堪 塑 塔 塞 填 境 增 墨 壁 壤 士 壬 壮 声 处 备 复 夏 夕 外 多 夜 够 夥 大 天 太 夫 央 失 头 夷 夸 夹 夺 奇 奈 奉 奋 奏 契 奔 奖 套 奥 女 奴 奶 她 好 如 妇 妈 妖 妙 妥 妨 妮 妹 妻 姆 姊 始 姐 姑 姓 委 姿 威 娃 娄 娘 娜 娟 娱 婆 婚 媒 嫁 嫌 嫩 子 孔 孕 字 存 孙 孜 孝 孟 季 孤 学 孩 宁 它 宇 守 安 宋 完 宏 宗 官 宙 定 宛 宜 宝 实 审 客 宣 室 宪 害 宴 家 容 宽 宾 宿 寂 寄 寅 密 寇 富 寒 寝 寞 察 寡 寨 寸 对 寻 导 寿 封 射 将 尊 小 少 尔 尖 尘 尚 尝 尤 就 尺 尼 尽 尾 局 屁 层 居 屋 屏 展 属 屠 山 岁 岂 岗 岘 岚 岛 岳 岸 峡 峰 崇 崩 崴 川 州 巡 工 左 巧 巨 巫 差 己 已 巳 巴 巷 币 市 布 帅 师 希 帐 帕 帖 帝 带 席 帮 常 帽 幅 幕 干 平 年 并 幸 幻 幼 幽 广 庆 床 序 库 应 底 店 庙 庚 府 庞 废 度 座 庭 康 庸 廉 廖 延 廷 建 开 异 弃 弄 弊 式 引 弗 弘 弟 张 弥 弦 弯 弱 弹 强 归 当 录 彝 形 彩 彬 彭 彰 影 彷 役 彻 彼 往 征 径 待 很 律 後 徐 徒 得 循 微 徵 德 心 必 忆 忌 忍 志 忘 忙 忠 忧 快 念 忽 怀 态 怎 怒 怕 怖 思 怡 急 性 怨 怪 总 恋 恐 恢 恨 恩 恭 息 恰 恶 恼 悄 悉 悔 悟 悠 患 您 悲 情 惑 惜 惠 惧 惨 惯 想 惹 愁 愈 愉 意 愚 感 愧 慈 慎 慕 慢 慧 慰 憾 懂 懒 戈 戊 戌 戏 成 我 戒 或 战 截 戴 户 房 所 扁 扇 手 才 扎 扑 打 托 扣 执 扩 扫 扬 扭 扮 扯 批 找 承 技 抄 把 抑 抓 投 抗 折 抢 护 报 披 抬 抱 抵 抹 抽 担 拆 拉 拍 拒 拔 拖 拘 招 拜 拟 拥 拦 拨 择 括 拳 拷 拼 拾 拿 持 指 按 挑 挖 挝 挡 挤 挥 挪 振 挺 捉 捐 捕 损 捡 换 据 捷 授 掉 掌 排 探 接 控 推 掩 措 掸 描 提 插 握 援 搜 搞 搬 搭 摄 摆 摊 摔 摘 摩 摸 撒 撞 播 操 擎 擦 支
      收 改 攻 放 政 故 效 敌 敏 救 教 敝 敢 散 敦 敬 数 敲 整 文 斋 斐 斗 料 斜 斥 断 斯 新 方 於 施 旁 旅 旋 族 旗 无 既 日 旦 旧 旨 早 旭 时 旺 昂 昆 昌 明 昏 易 星 映 春 昨 昭 是 显 晃 晋 晒 晓 晚 晨 普 景 晴 晶 智 暂 暑 暖 暗 暮 暴 曰 曲 更 曹 曼 曾 替 最 月 有 朋 服 朗 望 朝 期 木 未 末 本 札 术 朱 朵 机 杀 杂 权 杉 李 材 村 杜 束 条 来 杨 杯 杰 松 板 极 构 析 林 果 枝 枢 枪 枫 架 柏 某 染 柔 查 柬 柯 柳 柴 标 栋 栏 树 校 样 核 根 格 桃 框 案 桌 桑 档 桥 梁 梅 梦 梯 械 梵 检 棉 棋 棒 棚 森 椅 植 椰 楚 楼 概 榜 模 樱 檀 欠 次 欢 欣 欧 欲 欺 款 歉 歌 止 正 此 步 武 歪 死 殊 残 段 毅 母 每 毒 比 毕 毛 毫 氏 民 气 氛 水 永 求 汇 汉 汗 汝 江 池 污 汤 汪 汶 汽 沃 沈 沉 沙 沟 没 沧 河 油 治 沿 泉 泊 法 泛 泡 波 泣 泥 注 泰 泳 泽 洋 洗 洛 洞 津 洪 洲 活 洽 派 流 浅 测 济 浏 浑 浓 浙 浦 浩 浪 浮 浴 海 涅 消 涉 涛 涨 涯 液 涵 淋 淑 淘 淡 深 混 添 清 渐 渡 渣 温 港 渴 游 湖 湾 源 溜 溪 滋 滑 满 滥 滨 滴 漂 漏 演 漠 漫 潘 潜 潮 澎 澳 激 灌 火 灭 灯 灰 灵 灿 炉 炎 炮 炸 点 烂 烈 烤 烦 烧 热 焦 然 煌 煞 照 煮 熊 熟 燃 燕 爆 爪 爬 爱 爵 父 爷 爸 爽 片 版 牌 牙 牛 牡 牢 牧 物 牲 牵 特 牺 犯 状 犹 狂 狐 狗 狠 独 狮 狱 狼 猛 猜 猪 献 猴 玄 率 玉 王 玛 玩 玫 环 现 玲 玻 珀 珊 珍 珠 班 球 理 琊 琪 琳 琴 琼 瑙 瑜 瑞 瑟 瑰 瑶 璃 瓜 瓦 瓶 甘 甚 甜 生 用 田 由 甲 申 电 男 甸 画 畅 界 留 略 番 疆 疏 疑 疗 疯 疲 疼 疾 病 痕 痛 痴 癸 登 白 百 的 皆 皇 皮 盈 益 监 盒 盖 盘 盛 盟 目 直 相 盼 盾 省 眉 看 真 眠 眼 着 睛 睡 督 瞧 矛 矣 知 短 石 矶 码 砂 砍 研 破 础 硕 硬 确 碍 碎 碗 碟 碧 碰 磁 磅 磨
      示 礼 社 祖 祚 祝 神 祥 票 祯 祸 禁 禅 福 离 秀 私 秋 种 科 秒 秘 租 秤 秦 秩 积 称 移 稀 程 稍 税 稣 稳 稿 穆 究 穷 穹 空 穿 突 窗 窝 立 站 竞 竟 章 童 端 竹 笑 笔 笛 符 笨 第 等 筋 筑 答 策 筹 签 简 算 管 箭 箱 篇 篮 簿 籍 米 类 粉 粒 粗 粤 粹 精 糊 糕 糖 糟 系 素 索 紧 紫 累 繁 红 约 级 纪 纯 纲 纳 纵 纷 纸 纽 线 练 组 细 织 终 绍 经 结 绕 绘 给 络 绝 统 继 绩 绪 续 维 绵 综 绿 缅 缓 编 缘 缠 缩 缴 缶 缸 缺 罐 网 罕 罗 罚 罢 罪 置 署 羊 美 羞 群 羯 羽 翁 翅 翔 翘 翠 翰 翻 翼 耀 老 考 者 而 耍 耐 耗 耳 耶 聊 职 联 聘 聚 聪 肉 肖 肚 股 肤 肥 肩 肯 育 胁 胆 背 胎 胖 胜 胞 胡 胶 胸 能 脆 脑 脱 脸 腊 腐 腓 腰 腹 腾 腿 臂 臣 自 臭 至 致 舌 舍 舒 舞 舟 航 般 舰 船 良 色 艺 艾 节 芒 芝 芦 芬 芭 花 芳 苍 苏 苗 若 苦 英 茂 范 茨 茫 茶 草 荐 荒 荣 药 荷 莉 莎 莪 莫 莱 莲 获 菜 菩 菲 萄 萍 萤 营 萧 萨 落 著 葛 葡 蒂 蒋 蒙 蓉 蓝 蓬 蔑 蔡 薄 薪 藉 藏 藤 虎 虑 虫 虹 虽 虾 蚁 蛇 蛋 蛙 蛮 蜂 蜜 蝶 融 蟹 蠢 血 行 街 衡 衣 补 表 袋 被 袭 裁 裂 装 裕 裤 西 要 覆 见 观 规 视 览 觉 角 解 言 誉 誓 警 计 订 认 讨 让 训 议 讯 记 讲 讷 许 论 设 访 证 评 识 诉 词 译 试 诗 诚 话 诞 询 该 详 语 误 说 请 诸 诺 读 课 谁 调 谅 谈 谊 谋 谓 谜 谢 谨 谱 谷 豆 象 豪 貌 贝 贞 负 贡 财 责 贤 败 货 质 贩 贪 购 贯 贱 贴 贵 贸 费 贺 贼 贾 资 赋 赌 赏 赐 赔 赖 赚 赛 赞 赠 赢 赤 赫 走 赵 起 趁 超 越 趋 趣 足 跃 跌 跑 距 跟 路 跳 踏 踢 踩 身 躲 车 轨 轩 转 轮 软 轰 轻 载 较 辅 辆 辈 辉 辑 输 辛 辞 辨 辩 辰 辱 边 达 迁 迅 过 迈 迎 运 近 返 还 这 进 远 违 连 迟 迦 迪 迫 述 迷 追 退 送 适 逃 逆 选 逊 透 逐 递 途
      通 逛 逝 速 造 逢 逸 逻 逼 遇 遍 道 遗 遭 遮 遵 避 邀 邓 那 邦 邪 邮 邱 邻 郎 郑 部 郭 都 鄂 酉 酋 配 酒 酷 酸 醉 醒 采 释 里 重 野 量 金 针 钓 钟 钢 钦 钱 钻 铁 铃 铜 铢 铭 银 铺 链 销 锁 锅 锋 错 锡 锦 键 锺 镇 镜 镭 长 门 闪 闭 问 闰 闲 间 闷 闹 闻 阁 阅 阐 阔 队 阮 防 阳 阴 阵 阶 阻 阿 陀 附 际 陆 陈 降 限 院 除 险 陪 陵 陶 陷 隆 随 隐 隔 障 难 雄 雅 集 雉 雨 雪 雯 雳 零 雷 雾 需 震 霍 霖 露 霸 霹 青 靖 静 非 靠 面 革 靼 鞋 鞑 韦 韩 音 页 顶 项 顺 须 顽 顾 顿 预 领 颇 频 颗 题 额 风 飘 飙 飞 食 餐 饭 饮 饰 饱 饼 馆 首 香 馨 马 驱 驶 驻 驾 验 骑 骗 骚 骤 骨 高 鬼 魂 魅 魔 鱼 鲁 鲜 鸟 鸡 鸣 鸭 鸿 鹅 鹤 鹰 鹿 麦 麻 黄 黎 黑 默 鼓 鼠 鼻 齐 齿 龄 龙 龟
    numerals: '% + - . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ‰ 〇'
    script: Chinese
    status: primary
  - autonym: Pǔtōnghuà
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u w x y z ü Ü ê Ê ĉ ŝ ẑ ŋ Ĉ Ŝ Ẑ Ŋ ā ē ī ō ū ǖ ê̄ m̄ n̄ Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū Ǖ Ê̄ M̄ N̄ á é í ó ú ǘ ế ḿ ń Á É Í Ó Ú Ǘ Ế Ḿ Ń ǎ ě ǐ ǒ ǔ ǚ ê̌ m̌ ň Ǎ Ě Ǐ Ǒ Ǔ Ǚ Ê̌ M̌ Ň à è ì ò ù ǜ ề m̀ ǹ À È Ì Ò Ù Ǜ Ề M̀ Ǹ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̈ ◌̌
    note: Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (pinyin)) is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in mainland China, Taiwan (ROC), and Singapore.
    punctuation: . , — … · - '
    script: Latin
    status: transliteration
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin
  - https://www.thetype.com/2017/08/11606/#pinyin-yin
  speakers: 920000000
  speakers_date: 2017
  validity: preliminary
cnh:
  name: Hakha Chin
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Laiṭong
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V Z Ṭ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v z ṭ
    marks: ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - inherit: mya
    script: Burmese
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 130000
  speakers_date: 1991-2001
  validity: draft
cni:
  name: Asháninka
  orthographies:
  - base: A C E I J M N O P Q R S T V W X Y a c e i j m n o p q r s t v w x y '
    note: There seems to be little concensus on how to write Asháninka.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 35000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
cnr:
  name: Montenegrin
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Црногорски
    inherit: srp
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Crnogorski
    inherit: srp
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_alphabet
  speakers: 232600
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: verified
cof:
  name: Colorado
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ã Ẽ Ĩ Ũ Ɨ Ñ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ã ẽ ĩ ũ ɨ ñ ʔ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Tsafiki
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 2300
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
con:
  name: Cofán
  orthographies:
  - autonym: A’ingae
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ñ Û a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ñ û ’
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2400
  speakers_date: 2001-2008
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
coo:
  name: Comox
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ayʔaǰuθɛm
    auxiliary: ꭓ
    base: a e g h i k l m n o p q s t u w x y æ č š ƛ ǰ ɔ ə ɛ ɩ ɬ ʊ ʔ ʷ ʸ θ χ ᶿ Ɬ
    marks: ◌̌ ◌̓
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - FirstVoices
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 50
  speakers_date: 2018
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
cor:
  name: Cornish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kernewek
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Â Ê Î Ô À È Ì Ò a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z â ê î ô à è ì ò
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 0
  status: living
  validity: verified
cos:
  name: Corsican
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Corsu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Â È Ì Ï Ü Ò Ù a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à â è ì ï ü ò ù
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 125000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
cot:
  name: Caquinte
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Poyenisati
    base: A C E F G I J M N O P Q R S T U V Y Ñ a c e f g i j m n o p q r s t u v y ' ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 500
  speakers_date: 2012
  validity: preliminary
cou:
  name: Wamey
  orthographies:
  - autonym: wamey
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U W X Y a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u w x y Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ǝ Ɛ Ɲ ǝ ɔ ɛ ɲ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Institut de recherches linguistiques appliquées, Le nouvel alphabet des langues guinéennes, Conakry, Institut de recherches linguistiques appliquées, 2015
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 38000
  speakers_date: 2014-2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
cpu:
  name: Pichis Ashéninka
  orthographies:
  - base: A C E I J M N O P R S T W Y Ñ a c e i j m n o p r s t w y ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9881
  speakers_date: 2017
  validity: preliminary
crh:
  name: Crimean Tatar
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Къырымтатар
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    note: Upon Russia’s annexation of Crimea, Cyrillic became the sole official script.
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Qırımtatar
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ç Ñ Ö Ü Ğ Ş a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ç ñ ö ü ğ ş ı
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌̧
    note: Adopted in 1997 based on Common Turkic Alphabet.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 540000
  speakers_date: 2006-2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
crs:
  name: Seselwa Creole French
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Seselwa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 73000
  speakers_date: 1998
  status: living
  validity: verified
csa:
  name: Chiltepec Chinantec
  note: The speaker count is uncertain.
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U Ë Ø a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u ë ø
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1800
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
csb:
  name: Kashubian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kaszëbsczi
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ã É Ë Ò Ó Ô Ù Ą Ę Ł Ń Ś Ż a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ã é ë ò ó ô ù ą ę ł ń ś ż
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 108000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
csw:
  name: Swampy Cree
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ
    base: ᐁ ᐃ ᐅ ᐊ ᐍ ᐏ ᐑ ᐓ ᐕ ᐘ ᐚ ᐤ ᐯ ᐱ ᐲ ᐳ ᐴ ᐸ ᐹ ᑊ ᑌ ᑎ ᑏ ᑐ ᑑ ᑕ ᑖ ᐟ ᑫ ᑭ ᑮ ᑯ ᑰ ᑲ ᑳ ᐠ ᒉ ᒋ ᒌ ᒍ ᒎ ᒐ ᒑ ᐨ ᒣ ᒥ ᒦ ᒧ ᒨ ᒪ ᒫ ᒼ ᓀ ᓂ ᓃ ᓄ ᓅ ᓇ ᓈ ᐣ ᓭ ᓯ ᓰ ᓱ ᓲ ᓴ ᓵ ᐢ ᔦ ᔨ ᔩ ᔪ ᔫ ᔭ ᔮ ᓬ ᕒ ᐦ ᐩ ᕁ ᑵ
    script: Cree
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1805
  speakers_date: 2016
  validity: preliminary
ctd:
  name: Tedim Chin
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 340000
  speakers_date: 1990
  validity: preliminary
ctg:
  name: Chittagonian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: চাটগাঁইয়া
    base: অ আ ই ঈ উ ঊ ঋ এ ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য র ল ৱ শ ষ স হ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ঁ ◌ং ◌ঃ ◌় ◌া ◌ি ◌ী ◌ু ◌ূ ◌ৃ ◌ে ◌ৈ ◌্ ◌ৗ
    numerals: ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯
    script: Bengali
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 16000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
cym:
  name: Welsh
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Cymraeg
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Â Ä È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ò Ó Ô Ö Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Ÿ Ŵ Ŷ Ẁ Ẃ Ẅ Ỳ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á â ä è é ê ë ì í î ï ò ó ô ö ù ú û ü ý ÿ ŵ ŷ ẁ ẃ ẅ ỳ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 700000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
dag:
  name: Dagbani
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Dagbanli
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z Ɛ Ɣ Ɨ Ŋ Ɔ Ʒ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z ' ɛ ɣ ɨ ŋ ɔ ʒ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1160000
  speakers_date: 2013
  validity: preliminary
dan:
  name: Danish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Dansk
    auxiliary: Ǻ ǻ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Å Æ Ø a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z å æ ø
    marks: ◌̊ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 6000000
  speakers_date: 2019
  status: living
  validity: verified
dar:
  name: Dargwa
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Дарган
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 490000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
dav:
  name: Taita
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kidawida
    auxiliary: Q X q x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 370000
  speakers_date: 1992-2009
  status: living
  validity: draft
ddn:
  name: Dendi (Benin)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Dandawa
    base: A B C D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T W Y Z À Á Ā È É Ē Ì Í Ī Ò Ó Ō Ù Ú Ū a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t w y z à á ā è é ē ì í ī ò ó ō ù ú ū
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 15-16.
  speakers: 257050
  speakers_date: 2000-2016
  validity: draft
ddo:
  name: Dido
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Цез
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Х Ц Ч Ш Э Ӏ А̄ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у х ц ч ш э ӏ а̄
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 13000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
deh:
  name: Dehwari
  orthographies:
  - autonym: دهواری
    inherit: pes
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 14600
  speakers_date: 2004
  status: living
  validity: draft
deu:
  name: German
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Deutsch
    auxiliary: À É ẞ à é
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ß ä ö ü
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̀ ◌́
    note: Includes capital Eszett as an auxiliary character for capitalization of ß.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: Deutsch
    auxiliary: À É à é
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ß ä ö ü
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̀ ◌́
    note: An orthography that was used prior to an introduction of the capital Eszett which was added to Unicode in 2008 and subsequently to the official German orthography in 2017.
    script: Latin
    status: historical
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 90000000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
dga:
  name: Southern Dagaare
  orthographies:
  - base: A B D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N O Ɔ P R S T U V W Y Z a b d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n o ɔ p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1100000
  speakers_date: 2001-2003
  validity: preliminary
dgl:
  name: Andaandi
  orthographies:
  - base: ⲁ ⲃ ⲅ ⲇ ⲉ ⲍ ⲏ ⲓ ⲕ ⲗ ⲙ ⲛ ⲟ ⲡ ⲣ ⲥ ⲧ ⲩ ⲫ ⲭ ⲱ ⳡ ⳣ ⳝ ⳟ ϣ ϩ ϭ ⲁ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲟ̄ ⲩ̄ ⲓ̈
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̈
    script: Coptic/Nubian
    status: historical
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Andaandi, Dongolawi
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 70000
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: verified
dgo:
  name: Dogri (individual language)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: डोगरी
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल व श ष स ह ʼ ऽ ‌ ‍
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ँ ◌ं ◌ः ◌़ ◌ा ◌ि ◌ी ◌ु ◌ू ◌ृ ◌े ◌ै ◌ो ◌ौ ◌्
    note: Used in India
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  - autonym: ڈوگَرِی
    design_requirements:
    - Nastaʼlīq style of the Arabic script is preferred.
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    inherit: urd
    note: Used in Pakistan
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Unicode
  speakers: 1600000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
dhv:
  name: Dehu
  note: The speaker count includes 13000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Drehu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ë Ö a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ë ö
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 13000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
din:
  name: Dinka
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E Ɛ G Ɣ I K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U W Y Ä Ë Ï Ö a b c d e ɛ g ɣ i k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u w y ä ë ï ö
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1300000
  speakers_date: 2008-2016
  validity: preliminary
dip:
  name: Northeastern Dinka
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Padang
    inherit: din
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1300000
  speakers_date: 2008-2016
  validity: preliminary
diq:
  name: Dimli (individual language)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Dimlî
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ç Ê Î Û Ü Ş Ǧ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ç ê î û ü İ ı ş ǧ
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̌ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Dimli
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1334000
  speakers_date: 2020
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
div:
  name: Dhivehi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ދިވެހި
    base: އ ކ ޅ ބ ރ ނ ށ ހ ޏ ގ ލ ތ ދ ފ މ ވ ޗ ޖ ޕ ޔ ޓ ޒ ޑ ސ ޱ ‎
    marks: ◌ަ ◌ާ ◌ި ◌ީ ◌ު ◌ޫ ◌ެ ◌ޭ ◌ޮ ◌ޯ ◌ް
    script: Thaana
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 340000
  speakers_date: 2012
  validity: preliminary
dje:
  name: Zarma
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Zarmaciine
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ŋ Ɲ À Á Ã Ǎ Í Õ Ǒ Ô Š Ẽ Ě Ê Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ŋ ɲ à á ã ǎ í õ ǒ ô š ẽ ě ê ž
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 3600000
  speakers_date: 2019
  status: living
  validity: verified
dlg:
  name: Dolgan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Дулҕан
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ү Һ Ӈ Ө Ҕ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ү һ ӈ ө ҕ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1100
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
dng:
  name: Dungan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Хуэйзў
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ў Җ Ң Ү Ә а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ў җ ң ү ә
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 110000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
doi:
  includes:
  - dgo
  - xnr
  name: Dogri (macrolanguage)
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1600000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: verified
dop:
  name: Lukpa
  orthographies:
  - autonym: lǝkpa
    base: A C E Ɛ Ǝ F H I Ɩ K L M N Ŋ Ŋ O Ɔ P Ɣ S T U Ʊ W Y Á É Ú Ḿ Ń a c e ɛ ǝ f h i ɩ k l m n ŋ ŋ o ɔ p ɣ s t u ʊ w y á é ú ḿ ń
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 27-28
  speakers: 70000
  speakers_date: 2001-2012
  validity: preliminary
dsb:
  name: Lower Sorbian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Dolnoserbšćina
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ó Ć Č Ě Ł Ń Ř Ŕ Ś Š Ź Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ó ć č ě ł ń ř ŕ ś š ź ž
    marks: ◌́ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 6900
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
dty:
  name: Dotyali
  orthographies:
  - autonym: डोटेली
    auxiliary: ॐ
    inherit: npi
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Unicode
  speakers: 790000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
dua:
  name: Duala
  note: The number of speakers is a conservative estimate.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Duálá
    auxiliary: H Q V X Z h q v x z
    base: A B C D E F G I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y Á É Í Ó Ú Ŋ Ū Ɓ Ɔ Ɗ Ɛ a b c d e f g i j k l m n o p r s t u w y á é í ó ú ŋ ū ɓ ɔ ɗ ɛ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 87700
  speakers_date: 1982
  status: living
  validity: verified
dyo:
  name: Jola-Fonyi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Jóola-Fóoñi
    auxiliary: Z z
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Á É Í Ñ Ó Ú Ŋ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y á é í ñ ó ú ŋ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Sénégal, Décret no 2005-981 relatif à l’orthographe et la séparation des mots en jóola, 21 octobre 2005
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 410000
  status: living
  validity: verified
dyu:
  name: Dyula
  note: There are approximately 10300000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Julakan
    base: A B C D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N Ɲ Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n ɲ ŋ o ɔ p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ߖߎ߬ߟߊ߬ߞߊ߲
    base: ߐ ߏ ߎ ߍ ߌ ߋ ߊ ߙ ߘ ߗ ߖ ߕ ߔ ߓ ߡ ߟ ߞ ߝ ߜ ߛ ߚ ߒ ߦ ߥ ߤ ߣ ߢ
    marks: ◌߫ ◌߬ ◌߭ ◌߮ ◌߯ ◌߰ ◌߱
    note: The use of N'Ko script is not widespread, due to the lack of official support.
    numerals: ߀ ߁ ߂ ߃ ߄ ߅ ߆ ߇ ߈ ߉
    script: N'Ko
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 6852620
  speakers_date: 2019
  validity: preliminary
dzo:
  name: Dzongkha
  orthographies:
  - autonym: རྫོང་ཁ་
    base: ཀ ཁ ག ང ཅ ཆ ཇ ཉ ཏ ཐ ད ན པ ཕ བ མ ཙ ཚ ཛ ཝ ཞ ཟ འ ཡ ར ལ ཤ ས ཧ ཨ ཊ ཋ ཌ ཎ ཥ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ི ◌ུ ◌ེ ◌ོ ◌ྵ
    numerals: ༠ ༡ ༢ ༣ ༤ ༥ ༦ ༧ ༨ ༩
    script: Tibetan
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 171080
  speakers_date: 2013
  validity: preliminary
ebu:
  name: Embu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kiembu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ĩ Ũ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ĩ ũ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 320000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: draft
efi:
  name: Efik
  orthographies:
  - autonym: efi
    auxiliary: Ẹ ẹ Ị ị Ụ ụ
    base: A B D E F G H I K M N O P R S T U W Y a b d e f g h i k m n o p r s t u w y Ñ ñ Ọ ọ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - http://efikeburutu.org/efik%20language.html
  - 'Okon E. Essien, Efik Orthography, in Ayo Bamgbose, Orthographies of Nigerian languages: manual I, Lagos, Federal Ministry of Education, National Language Centre, 1982'
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 400000
  speakers_date: 1998
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ekk:
  name: Standard Estonian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Eesti
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Õ Ö Ü Š Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä õ ö ü š ž
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 1100000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
eky:
  name: Eastern Kayah
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kayah
    base: ꤀ ꤁ ꤂ ꤃ ꤄ ꤅ ꤆ ꤇ ꤈ ꤉ ꤊ ꤋ ꤌ ꤍ ꤎ ꤏ ꤐ ꤑ ꤒ ꤓ ꤔ ꤕ ꤖ ꤗ ꤘ ꤙ ꤚ ꤛ ꤜ ꤝ ꤞ ꤟ ꤠ ꤡ ꤢ ꤣ ꤤ ꤥ ꤮ ꤯
    marks: ◌ꤦ ◌ꤧ ◌ꤨ ◌ꤩ ◌ꤪ ◌꤫ ◌꤬ ◌꤭
    numerals: ꤀ ꤁ ꤂ ꤃ ꤄ ꤅ ꤆ ꤇ ꤈ ꤉
    script: Kayah Li
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ell:
  name: Modern Greek (1453-)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ελληνικά
    base: Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω Ά Έ Ή Ί Ό Ύ Ώ Ϊ Ϋ α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ά έ ή ί ό ύ ώ ϊ ϋ ΐ ΰ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈
    script: Greek
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Modern Greek
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 13400000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
emk:
  name: Eastern Maninkakan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Maninkakan
    base: A B C D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N Ɲ Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n ɲ ŋ o ɔ p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ߡߊߣߌ߲ߞߊߞߊ߲
    base: ߐ ߏ ߎ ߍ ߌ ߋ ߊ ߙ ߘ ߗ ߖ ߕ ߔ ߓ ߡ ߟ ߞ ߝ ߜ ߛ ߚ ߒ ߦ ߥ ߤ ߣ ߢ
    marks: ◌߫ ◌߬ ◌߭ ◌߮ ◌߯ ◌߰ ◌߱
    numerals: ߀ ߁ ߂ ߃ ߄ ߅ ߆ ߇ ߈ ߉
    script: N'Ko
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5000000
  speakers_date: 1999-2012
  validity: preliminary
ems:
  name: Alutiiq
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sugt’stun
    base: A C E F G H I K L M N P R S T U W Y a c e f g h i k l m n p r s t u w y ʀ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - 'April G.L. Counceller, Jeff Leer, The Alutiiq orthography: Kodiak dialect, Alutiiq Heritage Foundation, 2012, ISBN 978-1-929650-09-5'
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 80
  speakers_date: 2020
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
enf:
  name: Forest Enets
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Онэй база
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ҫ Ӈ Ԑ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ҫ ӈ ԑ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
eng:
  name: English
  orthographies:
  - autonym: English
    auxiliary: À Á Ç È É Ê Ë Ï Ñ Ô Ö à á ç è é ê ë ï ñ ô ö
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Æ Œ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z æ œ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 400000000
  speakers_date: 2006
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
enh:
  name: Tundra Enets
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Онэй база
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ҫ Ӈ Ԑ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ҫ ӈ ԑ
    design_alternates: Ҫ ҫ
    design_requirements:
    - Characters ‹Ҫ,ҫ› (marked in the previews) are sometimes represented with a cedilla instead of a descender (spike).
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 5
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
epo:
  name: Esperanto
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Esperanto
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ĉ Ĝ Ĥ Ĵ Ŝ Ŭ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ĉ ĝ ĥ ĵ ŝ ŭ
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̆
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 1000
  status: constructed
  validity: verified
ese:
  name: Ese Ejja
  orthographies:
  - base: B P D T K S J C M N Y W Ñ b p d t k s j c m n y w ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 700
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: draft
ess:
  name: Central Siberian Yupik
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Юпик
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ў Қ Ң Ҳ Ҕ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ў қ ң ҳ ҕ ’
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1200
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
esu:
  name: Central Yupik
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Yupʼik
    base: A C G I K L M N P Q R S T U V W Y Ń Ə Ḿ a c g i k l m n p q r s t u v w y ń ə ḿ u͡g u͡r ʼ
    marks: ◌́ ◌͡
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Central Alaskan Yupik
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 10000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
eus:
  name: Basque
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Euskara
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ñ Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ñ ü
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 750000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
eve:
  name: Even
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Эвэды торэн
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӈ Ө Ӫ Ӣ Ӯ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӈ ө ӫ ӣ ӯ
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5700
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
evn:
  name: Evenki
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Эвэнки
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӈ Ә А̄ Е̄ Ә̄ О̄ Ы̄ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӈ ә а̄ е̄ ә̄ о̄ ы̄
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 26580
  speakers_date: 2007-2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
ewe:
  name: Ewe
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Èʋegbe
    auxiliary: C J Q Â Ä Å Æ Ç Ê Ë Î Ï Ñ Ô Ö Ø Û Ü Ÿ Ā Ă Ĕ Ĭ Ŏ Œ Ŭ c j q â ä å æ ç ê ë î ï ñ ô ö ø û ü ÿ ā ă ĕ ĭ ŏ œ ŭ
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Ã È É Ì Í Ò Ó Õ Ù Ú Ĩ Ŋ Ũ Ƒ Ɔ Ɖ Ɛ Ɣ Ʋ Ẽ a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z à á ã è é ì í ò ó õ ù ú ĩ ŋ ũ ƒ ɔ ɖ ɛ ɣ ʋ ẽ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̃ ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌̊ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 5000000
  speakers_date: 1991-2013
  status: living
  validity: verified
ewo:
  name: Ewondo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ewondo
    auxiliary: C J Q X c j q x
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z À Á Â È É Ê Ì Í Î Ò Ó Ô Ù Ú Û Ě Ń Ŋ Ǎ Ǐ Ǒ Ǔ Ǹ Ɔ Ə Ɛ a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u v w y z à á â è é ê ì í î ò ó ô ù ú û ě ń ŋ ǎ ǐ ǒ ǔ ǹ ɔ ə ɛ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 580000
  speakers_date: 1982
  status: living
  validity: verified
fao:
  name: Faroese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Føroyskt
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Å Æ Í Ð Ó Ø Ú Ý a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á å æ í ð ó ø ú ý
    marks: ◌́ ◌̊
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 72000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
fat:
  name: Fanti
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Fante
    base: A B D E F G H I K M N O P R S T U W Y Z Ɛ Ɔ a b d e f g h i k m n o p r s t u w y z ɛ ɔ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2700000
  speakers_date: 2019
  status: living
  validity: verified
ffm:
  name: Maasina Fulfulde
  note: Used in Mali and Ghana.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Maasinankoore
    inherit: fue
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 1000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
fia:
  name: Nobiin
  orthographies:
  - inherit: dgl
    script: Coptic/Nubian
    status: historical
  - inherit: dgl
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 669000
  speakers_date: 1996–2006
  status: living
  validity: verified
fij:
  name: Fijian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Vakaviti
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 339210
  speakers_date: 1996
  status: living
  validity: verified
fil:
  name: Filipino
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Filipino
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ñ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 45000000
  speakers_date: 2013
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
fin:
  name: Finnish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Suomi
    auxiliary: Æ Õ Ø Ü Š Ž æ õ ø ü š ž
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ö Å a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ö å
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̊ ◌̃ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Alvestrand
  - Native
  speakers: 5400000
  speakers_date: 2009-2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
fkv:
  name: Kven Finnish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kvääni
    base: A B C D Ð E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S Š T U V W X Y Z Ä Ö a b c d ð e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s š t u v w x y z ä ö
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 8000
  speakers_date: 2005
  validity: preliminary
fmp:
  name: Fe'Fe'
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Feʼfeʼ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p s t u v w y z À Á È É Ì Í Ò Ó Ù Ú à á è é ì í ò ó ù ú Ā ā Ē ē Ě ě Ī ī Ŋ ŋ Ō ō Ū ū Ɔ Ə Ǎ ǎ Ǐ ǐ Ǒ ǒ Ǔ ǔ Ʉ ɑ ɔ ə ʉ ʼ Ɑ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̌ ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Rhonda L. Hartell, Alphabets de langues africaines, 1993, p. 75
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 140000
  speakers_date: 2005
  validity: preliminary
fod:
  name: Foodo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: fóodo
    base: A B C D E Ɛ F G H I Ɩ J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U Ʊ V W Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú a b c d e ɛ f g h i ɩ j k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u ʊ v w y z á é í ó ú
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 19-20.
  speakers: 25000
  speakers_date: 2002
  validity: preliminary
fon:
  name: Fon
  orthographies:
  - autonym: fɔ̀ngbè
    base: A B C D E F G I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z Ɖ Ɛ Ɔ À Á È É Ì Í Ò Ó Ù Ú a b c d e f g i j k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z ɖ ɛ ɔ à á è é ì í ò ó ù ú
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 21-22.
  speakers: 2200000
  speakers_date: 2000-2006
  validity: preliminary
fra:
  name: French
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Français
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Â Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Î Ï Ô Ù Û Ü Ÿ Œ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à â æ ç è é ê ë î ï ô ù û ü ÿ œ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 76800000
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: verified
fry:
  name: Western Frisian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Frysk
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Â Ä É Ê Ë Ï Ô Ö Ú Û Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z â ä é ê ë ï ô ö ú û ü
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 470000
  speakers_date: 2001
  status: living
  validity: verified
fub:
  name: Adamawa Fulfulde
  note: Used in Cameroon, Chad, and Sudan.
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y X Ŋ Ƴ Ɓ Ɗ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y x ŋ ƴ ɓ ɗ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  status: living
  validity: verified
fuc:
  name: Pulaar
  note: Used in Senegal, Gambia, and Mauritania.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Futa Tooro
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y X Ñ Ŋ Ƴ Ɓ Ɗ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y x ñ ŋ ƴ ɓ ɗ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 4450000
  speakers_date: 2019
  status: living
  validity: verified
fue:
  name: Borgu Fulfulde
  note: Used in Benin and Togo.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Fulfulde
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y X Ŋ Ƴ Ɓ Ɗ Ɲ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y x ŋ ƴ ɓ ɗ ɲ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  status: living
  validity: verified
fuf:
  name: Pular
  note: Used in Guinea and Sierra Leone.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Fuuta Jalon
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y Ŋ Ƴ Ɓ Ɗ Ɠ Ɲ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y ŋ ƴ ɓ ɗ ɠ ɲ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 3808200
  speakers_date: 1991-2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
fuh:
  name: Western Niger Fulfulde
  note: Used in Burkina Faso and Niger.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Fulfulde
    inherit: fue
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  status: living
  validity: verified
fui:
  name: Bagirmi Fulfulde
  note: Used in Central African Republic.
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y X Ŋ Ƴ Ɓ Ɗ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y x ŋ ƴ ɓ ɗ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  status: living
  validity: verified
fuq:
  name: Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde
  note: Used in Niger.
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y X Ŋ Ƴ Ɓ Ɗ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y x ŋ ƴ ɓ ɗ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  status: living
  validity: verified
fur:
  name: Friulian
  note: The speaker count includes up to 180000 non-native speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Furlan
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ç Â Ê Î Ô Û À È Ì Ò Ù a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ç â ê î ô û à è ì ò ù
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 600000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
fuv:
  name: Nigerian Fulfulde
  note: Used in Nigeria.
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y X Ɓ Ɗ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y x ɓ ɗ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  status: living
  validity: verified
gaa:
  name: Ga
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Gã
    base: A B D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U V W Y Z Ã Ẽ Ĩ Õ Ũ a b d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u v w y z ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 8500000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
gag:
  name: Gagauz
  orthographies:
  - base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӂ Ӓ Ӧ Ӱ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӂ ӓ ӧ ӱ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: deprecated
  - autonym: Gagauzça
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ç Ê Ö Ü Ğ Ş Ţ Ș Ț a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ç ê ö ü ğ İ ı ş ţ ș ț
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̆ ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̦ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 140000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
gah:
  name: Alekano
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Gahuku
    base: A E G H I K L M N O P R S T U V Z a e g h i k l m n o p r s t u v z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Ellis W. Deibler, Dictionaries of Alekano-English and English-Alekano, Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 2008
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 25000
  speakers_date: 1999
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
gan:
  name: Gan Chinese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: 赣语 / 江西话
    inherit: cmn
    script: Chinese
    status: primary
  - autonym: Gann ua
    base: B P M F D T L Z C S J Q X G K H I U Y A E O N b p m f d t l z c s j q x g k h i u y a e o n
    note: Pinfa romanization system
    script: Latin
    status: transliteration
  preferred_name: Gan
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 22000000
  speakers_date: 2018
  validity: preliminary
gax:
  name: Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Borana
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 3900000
  speakers_date: 2000-2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
gaz:
  name: West Central Oromo
  note: The speaker count is an estimate based on the total for Oromo macrolanguage.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Afaan Oromoo
    inherit: gax
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 26000000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
gcf:
  name: Guadeloupean Creole French
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kreyol
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z È É Ò a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z è é ò
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1200000
  speakers_date: 1998-2001
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
gej:
  name: Gen
  orthographies:
  - autonym: gɛn
    base: A B C D Ɖ E Ɛ F G Ɣ H I J K L M N Ŋ P S T V W X Y Z a b c d ɖ e ɛ f g ɣ h i j k l m n ŋ p s t v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 25-26.
  speakers: 330000
  speakers_date: 1991-2006
  validity: preliminary
gil:
  name: Gilbertese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kiribati
    base: A B E I K M N G O R T U W a b e i k m n g o r t u w
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 120000
  speakers_date: 1988-2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
gjn:
  name: Gonja
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ngbanyito
    base: A B C D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u v w y z '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 230000
  speakers_date: 2004
  validity: preliminary
gkp:
  name: Guinea Kpelle
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kpɛlɛwoo
    base: A B Ɓ D E Ɛ F G Ɣ I K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U V W X Y Z a b ɓ d e ɛ f g ɣ i k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u v w x y z
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1300000
  speakers_date: 1991-2012
  validity: preliminary
gla:
  name: Scottish Gaelic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Gàidhlig
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À È É Ì Ò Ó Ù a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à è é ì ò ó ù
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 57000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
gld:
  name: Nanai
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Нанай
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӈ А̄ Е̄ Ӣ О̄ Ӯ Э̄ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӈ а̄ е̄ ӣ о̄ ӯ э̄
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1400
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
gle:
  name: Irish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Gaeilge
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ó ú
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 141000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
glg:
  name: Galician
  note: 58% of the population of Galicia are L1 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Galego
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ñ Ó Ú Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ñ ó ú ü
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1560000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
glv:
  name: Manx
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Gaelg
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ç a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ç
    marks: ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 0
  status: living
  validity: verified
gni:
  name: Gooniyandi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Gooniyandi
    auxiliary: ẞ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Ä É Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ß à ä é ö ü
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 134
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
gom:
  name: Goan Konkani
  orthographies:
  - autonym: गोवन कोंकणी
    inherit: hin
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  - autonym: Konknni
    base: A Ã B C Ç D E Ẽ F G H I Ĩ J K L M N Ñ O Õ P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a ã b c ç d e ẽ f g h i ĩ j k l m n ñ o õ p q r s t u v w x y z
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̧
    note: Konkani in the Latin script (called Romi Konkani) is widely used
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Unicode
  speakers: 2300000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
gqa:
  name: Ga'anda
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kaandata
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ŋ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ŋ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Ga’anda
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 43000
  speakers_date: 1992
  status: living
  validity: draft
grc:
  name: Ancient Greek (to 1453)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ελληνικά
    base: Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω Ά Έ Ή Ί Ό Ύ Ώ Ϊ Ϋ α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ά έ ή ί ό ύ ώ ϊ ϋ ἀ Ἀ ἄ Ἄ ᾄ ᾌ ἂ Ἂ ᾂ ᾊ ἆ Ἆ ᾆ ᾎ ᾀ ᾈ ἁ Ἁ ἅ Ἅ ᾅ ᾍ ἃ Ἃ ᾃ ᾋ ἇ Ἇ ᾇ ᾏ ᾁ ᾉ ᾴ ὰ Ὰ ᾲ ᾰ Ᾰ ᾶ ᾷ ᾱ Ᾱ ᾳ ᾼ ἐ Ἐ ἔ Ἔ ἒ Ἒ ἑ Ἑ ἕ Ἕ ἓ Ἓ ὲ Ὲ ἠ Ἠ ἤ Ἤ ᾔ ᾜ ἢ Ἢ ᾒ ᾚ ἦ Ἦ ᾖ ᾞ ᾐ ᾘ ἡ Ἡ ἥ Ἥ ᾕ ᾝ ἣ Ἣ ᾓ ᾛ ἧ Ἧ ᾗ ᾟ ᾑ ᾙ ῄ ὴ Ὴ ῂ ῆ ῇ ῃ ῌ ἰ Ἰ ἴ Ἴ ἲ Ἲ ἶ Ἶ ἱ Ἱ ἵ Ἵ ἳ Ἳ ἷ Ἷ ὶ Ὶ ῐ Ῐ ῖ ΐ ῒ ῗ ῑ Ῑ ὀ Ὀ ὄ Ὄ ὂ Ὂ ὁ Ὁ ὅ Ὅ ὃ Ὃ ὸ Ὸ ῤ ῥ Ῥ ὐ ὔ ὒ ὖ ὑ Ὑ ὕ Ὕ ὓ Ὓ ὗ Ὗ ὺ Ὺ ῠ Ῠ ῦ ΰ ῢ ῧ ῡ Ῡ ὠ Ὠ ὤ Ὤ ᾤ ᾬ ὢ Ὢ ᾢ ᾪ ὦ Ὦ ᾦ ᾮ ᾠ ᾨ ὡ Ὡ ὥ Ὥ ᾥ ᾭ ὣ Ὣ ᾣ ᾫ ὧ Ὧ ᾧ ᾯ ᾡ ᾩ ῴ ὼ Ὼ ῲ ῶ ῷ ῳ ῼ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌̓ ◌̔ ◌͂ ◌ͅ
    script: Greek
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Ancient Greek
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 0
  status: historical
  validity: verified
gsw:
  name: Swiss German
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Schwyzerdütsch
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ö ü
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 4930000
  speakers_date: 2013
  status: living
  validity: verified
guc:
  name: Wayuu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Wayuunaiki
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ñ Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ñ ü
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 320000
  speakers_date: 2001-2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
gug:
  name: Paraguayan Guaraní
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Avañe'ẽ
    base: A Ã C E Ẽ G G̃ H I Ĩ J K L M N Ñ O Õ P R S T U Ũ V Y Ỹ a ã c e ẽ g g̃ h i ĩ j k l m n ñ o õ p r s t u ũ v y ỹ ʼ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_alphabet
  speakers: 4850000
  speakers_date: 1995
  validity: preliminary
guj:
  name: Gujarati
  note: There are approximately 4000000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ગુજરાતી
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: અ આ ઇ ઈ ઉ ઊ ઋ પ એ ઐ ઓ ઔ ક ખ ગ ઘ ઙ ચ છ જ ઝ ઞ ટ ઠ ડ ઢ ણ ત થ દ ધ ન ફ બ ભ મ ય ર લ વ શ ષ સ હ ળ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ં ◌ઃ ◌ા ◌િ ◌ી ◌ુ ◌ૂ ◌ૃ ◌ે ◌ૈ ◌ો ◌ૌ ◌્
    numerals: ૦ ૧ ૨ ૩ ૪ ૫ ૬ ૭ ૮ ૯ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Gujarati
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 56000000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
guu:
  name: Yanomamö
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Yąnomamɨ
    base: A E F H I J K M N O P R S T U W Y Ã Ẽ Ə Ĩ Ɨ Õ Ũ a e f h i j k m n o p r s t u w y ã ẽ ə ĩ ɨ õ ũ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 20000
  speakers_date: 2000-2006
  validity: draft
guz:
  name: Gusii
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ekegusii
    auxiliary: Q X q x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 2200000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
gwi:
  name: Gwichʼin
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Dinju Zhuh K’yuu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Ą È É Ę Ì Í Ò Ó Ǫ Ù Ú Ł a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à ą è é ę ì í ò ó ǫ ’ ù ú ł
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 560
  speakers_date: 2007-2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
haa:
  name: Han
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tr’ondëk Hwëch’in
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä À Â Ǎ Ą Ë a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä à â ǎ ą ë ’
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̌ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Hän
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 20
  speakers_date: 1997-2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
hae:
  name: Eastern Oromo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Harar
    inherit: gax
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4500000
  speakers_date: 1994
  status: living
  validity: verified
haj:
  name: Hajong
  note: The speaker count includes 8000 speakers in Bangladesh (undated).
  orthographies:
  - autonym: হাজং
    base: অ আ ই উ এ ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম র হ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ঁ ◌ং ◌ঃ ◌় ◌া ◌ি ◌ে ◌ৈ ◌্ ◌ৗ
    numerals: ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯
    script: Bengali
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 79800
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
hak:
  name: Hakka Chinese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: 客家话 / 客家話
    inherit: cmn
    script: Chinese
    status: primary
  - autonym: hak ga wa
    inherit: cmn
    note: Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (pinyin) romanization
    script: Latin
    status: transliteration
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 47800000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
hat:
  name: Haitian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kreyòl Ayisyen
    auxiliary: Q X À Á É Ó q x à á é ó
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z È Ò a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z è ò
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9600000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
hau:
  name: Hausa
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Hausa
    auxiliary: P Q V X À Á Â È É Ê Ì Í Î Ò Ó Ô Ù Ú Û p q v x à á â è é ê ì í î ò ó ô ù ú û
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O R S T U W Y Z Ƙ Ƴ Ɓ Ɗ R̃ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o r s t u w y z ƙ ƴ ɓ ɗ r̃ ʼ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 40000000
  speakers_date: 2015-2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
haw:
  name: Hawaiian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā ē ī ō ū ʻ
    design_requirements:
    - The ‹ʻ› (okina) should appear as an “up-turned comma” above the baseline that is ideally sufficiently distinguished from the left single quote (e.g.  positioned slightly lower).
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ʻOkina
  - CLDR
  - http://webdev.uhh.hawaii.edu/fonts.php
  speakers: 24000
  speakers_date: 2008
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
haz:
  name: Hazaragi
  note: The number of speakers is an estimate based on the Hazaras population.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: هزارگی
    inherit: pes
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 8000000
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: draft
hea:
  name: Northern Qiandong Miao
  orthographies:
  - autonym: hveb Hmub
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z -
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2100000
  speakers_date: 1995
  validity: preliminary
heb:
  name: Hebrew
  orthographies:
  - autonym: עברית
    auxiliary: ״ ׳ ־ ׃ ׆
    base: שׁ שׂ בּ תּ כּ ךּ פּ ףּ א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ך ל מ ם נ ן ס ע פ ף צ ץ ק ר ש ת
    marks: ◌ְ ◌ֱ ◌ֲ ◌ֳ ◌ִ ◌ֵ ◌ֶ ◌ַ ◌ָ ◌ֹ ◌ֻ ◌ּ ◌ׁ ◌ׂ
    script: Hebrew
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 9000000
  status: living
  validity: verified
hil:
  name: Hiligaynon
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ilonggo
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9300000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
hin:
  name: Hindi
  note: There are approximately 270000000 of L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: हिन्दी
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल व श ष स ह ‌ ‍
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ँ ◌ं ◌ः ◌़ ◌ा ◌ि ◌ी ◌ु ◌ू ◌ृ ◌े ◌ै ◌ो ◌ौ ◌्
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 322000000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
hms:
  name: Southern Qiandong Miao
  orthographies:
  - autonym: hveb Hmub
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z -
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2100000
  speakers_date: 1995
  validity: preliminary
hni:
  name: Hani
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Haqniqdoq
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1800000
  speakers_date: 1995-2007
  validity: preliminary
hnn:
  name: Hanunoo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ᜱᜨᜳᜨᜳᜢ
    base: ᜠ ᜡ ᜢ ᜣ ᜤ ᜥ ᜦ ᜧ ᜨ ᜩ ᜪ ᜫ ᜬ ᜭ ᜮ ᜯ ᜰ ᜱ
    marks: ◌ᜲ ◌ᜳ ◌᜴
    note: This orthography includes the pamudpod, as is used in modern Hanunó'o. The pamudpud began as an innovation of Antoon Postma in the 1970’s, one of the leading researchers of Philippine scripts.
    punctuation: ᜵ ᜶
    script: Hanunoo
    status: primary
  source:
  - Ethnologue
  - Wikipedia
  - Unicode Consortium (Core Spec, Hanunoo block)
  speakers: 13000
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
hns:
  name: Caribbean Hindustani
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o q r s t u v w x y z
    marks: ◌̃
    note: The use of Devanagari, Kaithi, and Urdu is declining. Latin is currently the favoured script.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 166233
  validity: preliminary
hop:
  name: Hopi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Hopilàvayi
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Ö a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à ö
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 6780
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
hrv:
  name: Croatian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Hrvatski
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ć Č Đ Š Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ć č đ š ž
    marks: ◌́ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 5600000
  speakers_date: 1991-2006
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
hsb:
  name: Upper Sorbian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Hornjoserbšćina
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ó Ć Č Ě Ł Ń Ř Ś Š Ź Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ó ć č ě ł ń ř ś š ź ž
    marks: ◌́ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 13000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
hun:
  name: Hungarian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Magyar
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ó Ö Ú Ü Ő Ű a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ó ö ú ü ő ű
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̋
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Alvestrand
  - Native
  speakers: 13000000
  speakers_date: 2003-2014
  status: living
  validity: verified
hur:
  name: Halkomelem
  orthographies:
  - autonym: hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓
    auxiliary: A C E H I K L M N P Q S T U W X Y Č Š Ə Θ Χ Ɬ Ꭓ ꭓ
    base: a c e h i k l m n p q s t u w x y č š ƛ ə ɬ ʔ ʷ θ χ ᶿ
    marks: ◌̓ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Musqueam First Nation and MOA, hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓ Alphabet, https://www2.moa.ubc.ca/musqueamteachingkit/alphabet.php
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 260
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
hus:
  name: Huastec
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Teenek
    base: A B C E I J K L M N O P R S T U W X Y Z a b c e i j k l m n o p r s t u w x y z '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 161120
  speakers_date: 2010
  validity: preliminary
huu:
  name: Murui Huitoto
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G I J L M N O R S T V Ɨ Ñ a b c d e f g i j l m n o r s t v ɨ ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 7800
  speakers_date: 1995-2002
  validity: preliminary
huz:
  name: Hunzib
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Гьонкьос
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ӏ Ә Ȧ Ӯ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ӏ ә ȧ ӯ
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̇
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 1400
  speakers_date: 2006-2010
  status: living
  validity: draft
hye:
  name: Armenian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Հայերեն
    base: Ա Բ Գ Դ Ե Զ Է Ը Թ Ժ Ի Լ Խ Ծ Կ Հ Ձ Ղ Ճ Մ Յ Ն Շ Ո Չ Պ Ջ Ռ Ս Վ Տ Ր Ց Ւ Փ Ք Օ Ֆ ա բ գ դ ե զ է ը թ ժ ի լ խ ծ կ հ ձ ղ ճ մ յ ն շ ո չ պ ջ ռ ս վ տ ր ց ւ փ ք օ ֆ և
    note: Eastern Armenian replaces ‹Ւ› with ‹ՈՒ› and ‹ւ› with ‹ու› in the alphabet. Some versions of the Eastern alphabet add the ‹և› as a full letter.
    punctuation: ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ։
    script: Armenian
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Eastern Armenian
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 6700000
  speakers_date: 2015
  validity: verified
hyw:
  name: Western Armenian
  note: The language count is very conservative (could be up to 4 million). Wikipedia said 1.4 million. We raised it to 2 million.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Հայերէն
    inherit: hye
    script: Armenian
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2000000
  speakers_date: 2001-2016
  validity: verified
ibb:
  name: Ibibio
  orthographies:
  - base: A B D E F G H I Ị K M N Ñ O Ọ P R S T U Ʌ W Y a b d e f g h i ị k m n ñ o ọ p r s t u ʌ w y
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2000000
  speakers_date: 1998
  validity: preliminary
ibo:
  name: Igbo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Igbo
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á È É Ì Í Ò Ó Ù Ú Ā Ē Ī Ń Ō Ū Ị Ọ Ụ Ṅ Ẹ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á è é ì í ò ó ù ú ā ē ī ń ō ū ị ọ ụ ṅ ẹ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̄ ◌̇ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 27000000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
ido:
  name: Ido
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ido
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 200
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: constructed
  validity: verified
idu:
  name: Idoma
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Idoma
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z Á É Í Ó Ú á é í ó ú Ā ā Ē ē Ī ī Ŋ ŋ Ō ō Ū ū Ɔ Ɛ ɔ ɛ Ẹ ẹ Ọ ọ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̄ ◌̣
    note: ɛ and ɔ can be written as ẹ and ọ.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - R.C. Abraham, Idoma orthography, in Ayo Banjo, Orthographies of Nigerian Languages: Manual III, Lagos, National Language Center, 1985
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 600000
  speakers_date: 1991
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
igs:
  name: Interglossa
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Interglossa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 0
  status: constructed
  validity: verified
iii:
  name: Sichuan Yi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ꆈꌠꉙ
    base: ꀀ ꀖ ꀸ ꁖ ꁶ ꂑ ꂮ ꃍ ꃢ ꄀ ꄚ ꄶ ꅑ ꅨ ꅽ ꆗ ꆷ ꇚ ꇸ ꈔ ꉆ ꉮ ꊍ ꊮ ꋐ ꋭ ꌉ ꌪ ꏠ ꏼ ꐘ ꐱ ꑊ ꑝ ꑱ ꀁ ꀗ ꀹ ꁗ ꁷ ꂒ ꂯ ꃎ ꃣ ꄁ ꄛ ꄷ ꅒ ꅩ ꅾ ꆘ ꆸ ꇛ ꇹ ꈕ ꉇ ꊎ ꊯ ꋑ ꋮ ꌊ ꌫ ꏡ ꏽ ꐙ ꐲ ꑋ ꑞ ꑲ ꀂ ꀘ ꀺ ꁘ ꁸ ꂓ ꂰ ꃏ ꃤ ꄂ ꄜ ꄸ ꅓ ꅪ ꅿ ꆙ ꆹ ꇜ ꇺ ꈖ ꉈ ꊏ ꊰ ꋒ ꋯ ꌋ ꌬ ꏢ ꏾ ꐚ ꐳ ꑌ ꑟ ꑳ ꀃ ꀙ ꀻ ꁙ ꁹ ꂔ ꂱ ꃐ ꃥ ꄃ ꄝ ꄹ ꅔ ꅫ ꆀ ꆚ ꆺ ꇝ ꇻ ꉉ ꊐ ꊱ ꋓ ꋰ ꌌ ꌭ ꏣ ꏿ ꐛ ꐴ ꑍ ꑠ ꑴ ꀄ ꀚ ꁚ ꃦ ꅬ ꆻ ꇞ ꉊ ꊲ ꋔ ꏤ ꐀ ꐜ ꐵ ꑎ ꑡ ꑵ ꀅ ꀛ ꀼ ꁛ ꁺ ꂕ ꂲ ꃧ ꄄ ꄞ ꄺ ꅕ ꅭ ꆁ ꆛ ꆼ ꇟ ꇼ ꈗ ꈰ ꉋ ꉝ ꉯ ꊑ ꊳ ꋕ ꋱ ꌍ ꌮ ꏥ ꐁ ꐝ ꐶ ꑏ ꑢ ꑶ ꀆ ꀜ ꀽ ꁜ ꁻ ꂖ ꂳ ꃨ ꄅ ꄟ ꄻ ꅖ ꅮ ꆂ ꆜ ꆽ ꇠ ꇽ ꈘ ꈱ ꉌ ꉞ ꉰ ꊒ ꊴ ꋖ ꋲ ꌎ ꌯ ꏦ ꐂ ꐞ ꐷ ꑐ ꑣ ꑷ ꀇ ꀝ ꀾ ꁝ ꁼ ꂗ ꂴ ꃩ ꄆ ꄠ ꄼ ꅯ ꆃ ꆝ ꆾ ꇡ ꇾ ꈙ ꉍ ꉟ ꊓ ꊵ ꋗ ꋳ ꌏ ꌰ ꏧ ꐃ ꐟ ꐸ ꑑ ꑤ ꑸ ꀈ ꀞ ꀿ ꁞ ꁽ ꂘ ꂵ ꃑ ꃪ ꄇ ꄡ ꄽ ꅗ ꅰ ꆞ ꆿ ꇢ ꇿ ꈚ ꈲ ꉎ ꉠ ꉱ ꊀ ꊔ ꊶ ꋘ ꋴ ꌐ ꌱ ꍆ ꍡ ꎔ ꎫ ꏆ ꀉ ꀟ ꁀ ꁟ ꁾ ꂙ ꂶ ꃒ ꃫ ꄈ ꄢ ꄾ ꅘ ꅱ ꆄ ꆟ ꇀ ꇣ ꈀ ꈛ ꈳ ꉏ ꉡ ꉲ ꊁ ꊕ ꊷ ꋙ ꋵ ꌑ ꌲ ꍇ ꍢ ꍼ ꎕ ꎬ ꏇ ꀊ ꀠ ꁁ ꁠ ꁿ ꂚ ꂷ ꃓ ꃬ ꄉ ꄣ ꄿ ꅙ ꅲ ꆅ ꆠ ꇁ ꇤ ꈁ ꈜ ꈴ ꉐ ꉢ ꉳ ꊂ ꊖ ꊸ ꋚ ꋶ ꌒ ꌳ ꍈ ꍣ ꍽ ꎖ ꎭ ꏈ ꀋ ꀡ ꁂ ꁡ ꂀ ꂛ ꂸ ꃔ ꃭ ꄊ ꄤ ꅀ ꅚ ꅳ ꆆ ꆡ ꇂ ꇥ ꈂ ꈝ ꈵ ꉑ ꉣ ꉴ ꊃ ꊗ ꊹ ꋛ ꋷ ꌓ ꌴ ꍉ ꍤ ꎗ ꎮ ꏉ ꂹ ꄥ ꇃ ꇦ ꈞ ꉒ ꉤ ꉵ ꍥ ꏨ ꐄ ꑹ ꀌ ꀢ ꁃ ꁢ ꂜ ꂺ ꄋ ꄦ ꅁ ꅴ ꆇ ꆢ ꇄ ꇧ ꈃ ꈟ ꈶ ꉓ ꉥ ꉶ ꊄ ꊘ ꊺ ꋸ ꌔ ꍊ ꍦ ꍾ ꎯ ꏊ ꏩ ꐅ ꐠ ꐹ ꑒ ꑥ ꑺ ꀍ ꀣ ꁄ ꁣ ꂝ ꂻ ꄌ ꄧ ꅂ ꅵ ꆈ ꆣ ꇅ ꇨ ꈄ ꈠ ꈷ ꉔ ꉦ ꉷ ꊅ ꊙ ꊻ ꋹ ꌕ ꍋ ꍧ ꍿ ꎰ ꏋ ꏪ ꐆ ꐡ ꐺ ꑓ ꑦ ꑻ ꀎ ꀤ ꁅ ꁤ ꂞ ꂼ ꄨ
      ꅃ ꆉ ꆤ ꇆ ꇩ ꈅ ꈡ ꈸ ꉕ ꉸ ꊆ ꊚ ꊼ ꌖ ꍌ ꍨ ꎱ ꏌ ꏫ ꐇ ꐢ ꑔ ꑼ ꀏ ꀥ ꁆ ꁥ ꂁ ꂟ ꂽ ꃮ ꄍ ꄩ ꅄ ꅛ ꅶ ꆊ ꇇ ꇪ ꈆ ꈢ ꈹ ꉖ ꉧ ꉹ ꊛ ꊽ ꌗ ꌵ ꍍ ꍩ ꎀ ꎲ ꏍ ꏬ ꐈ ꐣ ꐻ ꑕ ꑧ ꑽ ꀐ ꀦ ꁇ ꁦ ꂂ ꂠ ꂾ ꃕ ꃯ ꄎ ꄪ ꅅ ꅜ ꅷ ꆋ ꆥ ꇈ ꇫ ꈇ ꈣ ꈺ ꉗ ꉨ ꉺ ꊇ ꊜ ꊾ ꋜ ꋺ ꌘ ꌶ ꍎ ꍪ ꎁ ꎘ ꎳ ꏎ ꏭ ꐉ ꐤ ꐼ ꑖ ꑨ ꑾ ꀑ ꀧ ꁈ ꁧ ꂃ ꂡ ꂿ ꃖ ꃰ ꄏ ꄫ ꅆ ꅝ ꆌ ꆦ ꇉ ꇬ ꈈ ꈤ ꈻ ꉘ ꉩ ꉻ ꊈ ꊝ ꊿ ꋝ ꌙ ꌷ ꍏ ꍫ ꎂ ꎙ ꎴ ꏏ ꏮ ꐊ ꐥ ꐽ ꑗ ꑩ ꑿ ꀒ ꀨ ꁉ ꁨ ꂄ ꂢ ꃀ ꃗ ꃱ ꄐ ꄬ ꅇ ꅞ ꅸ ꆍ ꆧ ꇊ ꇭ ꈉ ꈥ ꈼ ꉙ ꉪ ꉼ ꊉ ꊞ ꋀ ꋞ ꋻ ꌚ ꌸ ꍐ ꍬ ꎃ ꎚ ꎵ ꏐ ꏯ ꐋ ꐦ ꐾ ꑘ ꑪ ꒀ ꇮ ꈊ ꈦ ꍑ ꍭ ꎄ ꎛ ꎶ ꀓ ꀩ ꁩ ꃁ ꃲ ꄑ ꄭ ꅈ ꅟ ꅹ ꆎ ꆨ ꇋ ꇯ ꈋ ꈧ ꈽ ꉚ ꉫ ꉽ ꊊ ꊟ ꋁ ꋟ ꋼ ꌛ ꌹ ꍒ ꍮ ꎅ ꎜ ꎷ ꏑ ꀔ ꀪ ꁪ ꃂ ꄒ ꄮ ꅉ ꅠ ꅺ ꆏ ꆩ ꇌ ꇰ ꈌ ꈨ ꈾ ꉛ ꉬ ꉾ ꊋ ꊠ ꋂ ꋠ ꋽ ꌜ ꌺ ꍓ ꍯ ꎆ ꎝ ꎸ ꏒ ꀫ ꁫ ꃳ ꄓ ꄯ ꅊ ꅡ ꅻ ꆐ ꆪ ꇍ ꇱ ꈍ ꈩ ꈿ ꉜ ꉭ ꉿ ꊌ ꊡ ꋃ ꋡ ꌝ ꌻ ꍔ ꍰ ꎇ ꎞ ꎹ ꏓ ꀬ ꁊ ꁬ ꂅ ꂣ ꃃ ꃘ ꃴ ꄔ ꄰ ꅋ ꅢ ꅼ ꆑ ꆫ ꇎ ꇲ ꈎ ꈪ ꉀ ꊢ ꋄ ꌞ ꌼ ꍕ ꎈ ꎟ ꎺ ꏔ ꏰ ꐌ ꐧ ꑙ ꒁ ꀭ ꁋ ꁭ ꂆ ꂤ ꃄ ꃙ ꃵ ꄕ ꄱ ꅌ ꅣ ꆒ ꆬ ꇏ ꇳ ꈏ ꈫ ꉁ ꊣ ꋅ ꋢ ꋾ ꌟ ꌽ ꍖ ꍱ ꎉ ꎠ ꎻ ꏕ ꏱ ꐍ ꐨ ꐿ ꑚ ꒂ ꀮ ꁌ ꁮ ꂇ ꂥ ꃅ ꃚ ꃶ ꄖ ꄲ ꅍ ꅤ ꆓ ꆭ ꇐ ꇴ ꈐ ꈬ ꉂ ꊤ ꋆ ꋣ ꋿ ꌠ ꌾ ꍗ ꍲ ꎊ ꎡ ꎼ ꏖ ꏲ ꐎ ꐩ ꑀ ꑛ ꒃ ꀯ ꁍ ꁯ ꂈ ꂦ ꃆ ꃛ ꃷ ꄗ ꄳ ꅎ ꅥ ꆔ ꆮ ꇑ ꇵ ꈑ ꈭ ꉃ ꊥ ꋇ ꋤ ꌀ ꌡ ꌿ ꍘ ꍳ ꎋ ꎢ ꎽ ꏗ ꏳ ꐏ ꐪ ꑁ ꑜ ꒄ ꀰ ꁎ ꁰ ꂉ ꂧ ꃇ ꃜ ꃸ ꄘ ꄴ ꅏ ꅦ ꆕ ꆯ ꇒ ꇶ ꈒ ꈮ ꉄ ꊦ ꋈ ꋥ ꌁ ꌢ ꍙ ꍴ ꎌ ꎣ ꎾ ꏘ ꏴ ꐐ ꐫ ꑂ ꒅ ꀱ ꁏ ꁱ ꂊ ꂨ ꃈ ꃝ ꃹ ꄙ ꄵ ꅐ ꅧ ꆖ ꆰ ꇓ ꇷ ꈓ ꈯ ꉅ ꊧ ꋉ ꋦ ꌂ ꌣ
      ꍚ ꍵ ꎍ ꎤ ꎿ ꏙ ꏵ ꐑ ꐬ ꑃ ꒆ ꀲ ꁐ ꁲ ꂋ ꃉ ꃞ ꃺ ꆱ ꇔ ꊨ ꋊ ꋧ ꌃ ꌤ ꍀ ꍛ ꍶ ꎎ ꎥ ꏀ ꏚ ꏶ ꐒ ꐭ ꑄ ꑫ ꒇ ꀳ ꁑ ꁳ ꂌ ꂩ ꃊ ꃟ ꃻ ꆲ ꇕ ꊩ ꋋ ꋨ ꌄ ꌥ ꍁ ꍜ ꍷ ꎏ ꎦ ꏁ ꏛ ꏷ ꐓ ꐮ ꑅ ꑬ ꒈ ꀴ ꁒ ꁴ ꂍ ꂪ ꃋ ꃠ ꃼ ꆳ ꇖ ꊪ ꋌ ꋩ ꌅ ꌦ ꍂ ꍝ ꍸ ꎐ ꎧ ꏂ ꏜ ꏸ ꐔ ꐯ ꑆ ꑭ ꒉ ꀵ ꁓ ꁵ ꂎ ꂫ ꃌ ꃡ ꃽ ꆴ ꇗ ꊫ ꋍ ꋪ ꌆ ꌧ ꍃ ꍞ ꍹ ꎑ ꎨ ꏃ ꏝ ꏹ ꐕ ꐰ ꑇ ꑮ ꒊ ꀶ ꁔ ꂏ ꂬ ꃾ ꆵ ꇘ ꊬ ꋎ ꋫ ꌇ ꌨ ꍄ ꍟ ꍺ ꎒ ꎩ ꏄ ꏞ ꏺ ꐖ ꑈ ꑯ ꒋ ꀷ ꁕ ꂐ ꂭ ꃿ ꆶ ꇙ ꊭ ꋏ ꋬ ꌈ ꌩ ꍅ ꍠ ꍻ ꎓ ꎪ ꏅ ꏟ ꏻ ꐗ ꑉ ꑰ ꒌ
    script: Modern Yi
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Nuosu
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2000000
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
ike:
  name: Eastern Canadian Inuktitut
  note: Despite being considered different languages ike and ikt are under the iku inclusive ISO 639-3 code.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ
    base: ᐃ ᐄ ᐅ ᐆ ᐊ ᐋ ᐦ ᐱ ᐲ ᐳ ᐴ ᐸ ᐹ ᑉ ᑎ ᑏ ᑐ ᑑ ᑕ ᑖ ᑦ ᑭ ᑮ ᑯ ᑰ ᑲ ᑳ ᒃ ᒋ ᒌ ᒍ ᒎ ᒐ ᒑ ᒡ ᒥ ᒦ ᒧ ᒨ ᒪ ᒫ ᒻ ᓂ ᓃ ᓄ ᓅ ᓇ ᓈ ᓐ ᓯ ᓰ ᓱ ᓲ ᓴ ᓵ ᔅ ᓕ ᓖ ᓗ ᓘ ᓚ ᓛ ᓪ ᔨ ᔩ ᔪ ᔫ ᔭ ᔮ ᔾ ᕕ ᕖ ᕗ ᕘ ᕙ ᕚ ᕝ ᕆ ᕇ ᕈ ᕉ ᕋ ᕌ ᕐ ᕿ ᖀ ᖁ ᖂ ᖃ ᖄ ᖅ ᖏ ᖐ ᖑ ᖒ ᖓ ᖔ ᖕ ᖠ ᖡ ᖢ ᖣ ᖤ ᖥ ᖦ
    script: Inuktitut Syllabics
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 39475
  speakers_date: 2016
  validity: preliminary
ile:
  name: Interlingue
  note: Constructed language, also known as Occidental. Not to be confused with Interlingua.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Interlingue
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ó ú
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 0
  status: constructed
  validity: verified
ilo:
  name: Iloko
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ilokano
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ñ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9100000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
ina:
  name: Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
  note: Not to be confused with Interlingue.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Interlingua
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Interlingua
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 1500
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: constructed
  validity: verified
ind:
  name: Indonesian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Indonesia
    inherit: zsm
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: Indonesia
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ē É Ä Ë Ï Ö a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ē é ä ë ï ö '
    marks: ◌́ ◌̄ ◌̈
    note: The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was used 1901–1947 for Malay and Indonesian in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)
    script: Latin
    status: historical
  - autonym: Indonesia
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z É Ä Ë Ï Ö a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z é ä ë ï ö 2
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈
    note: The Republican Spelling System was used 1947–1972. The numeral two marked reduplicated words. Glottal stop was represented with the letter ‹k›.
    script: Latin
    status: historical
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Ophuijsen_Spelling_System
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Spelling_System
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buginese_language
  speakers: 43000000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
inh:
  name: Ingush
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Гӏалгӏай
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 306000
  speakers_date: 1999-2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
isl:
  name: Icelandic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Íslenska
    auxiliary: Ǽ Ǫ Œ ǽ ǫ œ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Æ É Í Ð Ó Ö Ú Ý Þ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á æ é í ð ó ö ú ý þ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 314000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
ita:
  name: Italian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Italiano
    auxiliary: J K W X Y Î Ï j k w x y î ï
    base: A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V Z À Á È É Ì Í Ò Ó Ù Ú a b c d e f g h i l m n o p q r s t u v z à á è é ì í ò ó ù ú
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 90000000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
itl:
  name: Itelmen
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Итэнмэн
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Љ Њ Ў Ҳ Ӄ Ӆ Ӈ Ӑ Ә О̆ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё љ њ ў ҳ ӄ ӆ ӈ ӑ ә о̆
    marks: ◌́ ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌̊
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 82
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
jam:
  name: Jamaican Creole English
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Jamiekan
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3200000
  speakers_date: 2000-2001
  status: living
  validity: verified
jav:
  name: Javanese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Jawa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z É È a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z é è
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ꦧꦱꦗꦮ
    auxiliary: ꦑ ꦖ ꦘ ꦙ ꦜ ꦡ ꦬ ꦰ
    base: ꦄ ꦅ ꦆ ꦇ ꦈ ꦉ ꦊ ꦋ ꦌ ꦍ ꦎ ꦏ ꦐ ꦒ ꦓ ꦔ ꦕ ꦗ ꦚ ꦛ ꦝ ꦞ ꦟ ꦠ ꦢ ꦣ ꦤ ꦥ ꦦ ꦧ ꦨ ꦩ ꦪ ꦫ ꦭ ꦮ ꦯ ꦱ ꦲ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ꦀ ◌ꦁ ◌ꦂ ◌ꦃ ◌꦳ ◌ꦴ ◌ꦵ ◌ꦶ ◌ꦷ ◌ꦸ ◌ꦹ ◌ꦺ ◌ꦻ ◌ꦼ ◌ꦽ ◌ꦾ ◌ꦿ ◌꧀
    note: The Latin script is the most used nowadays.
    numerals: ꧐ ꧑ ꧒ ꧓ ꧔ ꧕ ꧖ ꧗ ꧘ ꧙ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: ꧏ ꧞ ꧟ ꧁ ꧂ ꧃ ꧄ ꧅ ꧆ ꧇ ꧈ ꧉ ꧊ ꧋ ꧌ ꧍
    script: Javanese
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_script
  speakers: 82000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
jbo:
  name: Lojban
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Lojban
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 0
  status: constructed
  validity: verified
jct:
  name: Krymchak
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Кърымчах
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ӧ Ӱ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ӧ ӱ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 200
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
jdt:
  name: Judeo-Tat
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Жугьури
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - autonym: ז׳אוּהאוּראִ
    base: א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח י כ ל מ נ ס ע פ צ ק ר ש ת ׳ וּ אִ אַ אָ בּ כּ פּ
    marks: ◌ִ ◌ַ ◌ָ ◌ּ
    note: Regaining popularity.
    script: Hebrew
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Çuhuri
    base: A B C Ç D E Ə F G H Ḩ Ћ I J K L M N O P Q R S Ş T U V X Y Z a b c ç d e ə f g h ḩ ћ i j k l m n o p q r s ş t u v x y z
    marks: ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: deprecated
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 101000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
jgo:
  name: Ngomba
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Cú-Mbɔ́ndaa
    auxiliary: E O Q R X e o q r x
    base: A B C D F G H I J K L M N P S T U V W Y Z Á Â Í Î Ú Û Ń Ŋ Ǎ Ǐ Ǔ Ǹ Ɔ Ɛ Ʉ Ḿ Ẅ Ꞌ a b c d f g h i j k l m n p s t u v w y z á â í î ú û ń ŋ ǎ ǐ ǔ ǹ ɔ ɛ ʉ ḿ ẅ ꞌ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 63000
  speakers_date: 1999
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
jiv:
  name: Shuar
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Shiwar chicham
    base: A C E H I J K M N Ñ P R S T U W Y Ã Ẽ Ĩ Ũ a c e h i j k m n ñ p r s t u w y ' ã ẽ ĩ ũ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 25000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
jpn:
  name: Japanese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: 日本語
    auxiliary: 丑 亥 亨 兌 兎 卯 嘉 壬 寅 巳 庚 弘 戊 戌 拼 昌 楔 猪 癸 祚 禄 禎 辰 酉 錄 閏 雉 鳳 鼠
    base: 一 丁 七 万 丈 三 上 下 不 与 且 世 丘 丙 両 並 中 丸 丹 主 久 乏 乗 乙 九 乱 乳 乾 亀 了 予 争 事 二 互 五 井 亜 亡 交 享 京 亭 人 仁 今 介 仏 仕 他 付 仙 代 令 以 仮 仰 仲 件 任 企 伏 伐 休 会 伝 伯 伴 伸 伺 似 但 位 低 住 佐 体 何 余 作 佳 併 使 例 侍 供 依 価 侮 侯 侵 便 係 促 俊 俗 保 信 修 俳 俵 俸 俺 倉 個 倍 倒 候 借 倣 値 倫 倹 偉 偏 停 健 側 偵 偶 偽 傍 傑 傘 備 催 債 傷 傾 働 像 僕 僚 僧 儀 億 儒 償 優 元 兄 充 兆 先 光 克 免 児 党 入 全 八 公 六 共 兵 具 典 兼 内 円 冊 再 冒 冗 写 冠 冬 冷 准 凍 凝 凡 処 凶 凸 凹 出 刀 刃 分 切 刈 刊 刑 列 初 判 別 利 到 制 刷 券 刺 刻 則 削 前 剖 剛 剣 剤 剥 副 剰 割 創 劇 力 功 加 劣 助 努 励 労 効 劾 勅 勇 勉 動 勘 務 勝 募 勢 勤 勧 勲 包 化 北 匠 匹 区 医 匿 十 千 升 午 半 卑 卒 卓 協 南 単 博 占 印 危 即 却 卵 卸 厄 厘 厚 原 厳 去 参 又 及 友 双 反 収 叔 取 受 叙 口 古 句 叫 召 可 台 叱 史 右 号 司 各 合 吉 同 名 后 吏 吐 向 君 吟 否 含 吸 吹 呈 呉 告 周 味 呼 命 和 咲 哀 品 員 哲 唆 唇 唐 唯 唱 商 問 啓 善 喚 喜 喝 喪 喫 営 嗣 嘆 嘱 器 噴 嚇 囚 四 回 因 団 困 囲 図 固 国 圏 園 土 圧 在 地 坂 均 坊 坑 坪 垂 型 垣 埋 城 域 執 培 基 埼 堀 堂 堅 堕 堤 堪 報 場 塀 塁 塊 塑 塔 塗 塚 塩 填 塾 境 墓 増 墜 墨 墳 墾 壁 壇 壊 壌 士 壮 声 壱 売 変 夏 夕 外 多 夜 夢 大 天 太 夫 央 失 奇 奈 奉 奏 契 奔 奥 奨 奪 奮 女 奴 好 如 妃 妄 妊 妙 妥 妨 妹 妻 姉 始 姓 委 姫 姻 姿 威 娘 娠 娯 婆 婚 婦 婿 媒 嫁 嫌 嫡 嬢 子 孔 字 存 孝 季 孤 学 孫 宅 宇 守 安 完 宗 官 宙 定 宜 宝 実 客 宣 室 宮 宰 害 宴 宵 家 容 宿 寂 寄 密 富 寒 寛 寝 察
      寡 寧 審 寮 寸 寺 対 寿 封 専 射 将 尉 尊 尋 導 小 少 尚 就 尺 尼 尽 尾 尿 局 居 屈 届 屋 展 属 層 履 屯 山 岐 岡 岩 岬 岳 岸 峠 峡 峰 島 崇 崎 崩 川 州 巡 巣 工 左 巧 巨 差 己 巻 市 布 帆 希 帝 帥 師 席 帯 帰 帳 常 帽 幅 幕 幣 干 平 年 幸 幹 幻 幼 幽 幾 庁 広 床 序 底 店 府 度 座 庫 庭 庶 康 庸 廃 廉 廊 延 廷 建 弁 弊 式 弐 弓 弔 引 弟 弦 弧 弱 張 強 弾 当 形 彩 彫 彰 影 役 彼 往 征 径 待 律 後 徐 徒 従 得 御 復 循 微 徳 徴 徹 心 必 忌 忍 志 忘 忙 応 忠 快 念 怒 怖 思 怠 急 性 怪 恋 恐 恒 恥 恨 恩 恭 息 恵 悔 悟 悠 患 悦 悩 悪 悲 悼 情 惑 惜 惨 惰 想 愁 愉 意 愚 愛 感 慈 態 慌 慎 慕 慢 慣 慨 慮 慰 慶 憂 憎 憤 憩 憲 憶 憾 懇 懐 懲 懸 成 我 戒 戦 戯 戸 戻 房 所 扇 扉 手 才 打 払 扱 扶 批 承 技 抄 把 抑 投 抗 折 抜 択 披 抱 抵 抹 押 抽 担 拍 拐 拒 拓 拘 拙 招 拝 拠 拡 括 拷 拾 持 指 挑 挙 挟 振 挿 捕 捜 捨 据 掃 授 掌 排 掘 掛 採 探 接 控 推 措 掲 描 提 揚 換 握 揮 援 揺 損 搬 搭 携 搾 摂 摘 摩 撃 撤 撮 撲 擁 操 擦 擬 支 改 攻 放 政 故 敏 救 敗 教 敢 散 敬 数 整 敵 敷 文 斉 斎 斗 料 斜 斤 斥 断 新 方 施 旅 旋 族 旗 既 日 旧 旨 早 旬 昆 昇 明 易 昔 星 映 春 昨 昭 是 昼 時 晩 普 景 晴 晶 暁 暇 暑 暖 暗 暦 暫 暮 暴 曇 曜 曲 更 書 曹 替 最 月 有 服 朕 朗 望 朝 期 木 未 末 本 札 朱 朴 机 朽 杉 材 村 束 条 来 杯 東 松 板 析 林 枚 果 枝 枠 枢 枯 架 柄 某 染 柔 柱 柳 査 栄 栓 校 株 核 根 格 栽 桃 案 桑 桜 桟 梅 械 棄 棋 棒 棚 棟 森 棺 植 検 業 極 楼 楽 概 構 様 槽 標 模 権 横 樹 橋 機 欄 欠 次 欧 欲 欺 款 歌 歓 止 正 武 歩 歯 歳 歴 死 殉 殊 残 殖 殴 段 殺 殻 殿 母 毎 毒 比 毛 氏
      民 気 水 氷 永 汁 求 汎 汗 汚 江 池 決 汽 沈 沖 没 沢 河 沸 油 治 沼 沿 況 泉 泊 泌 法 泡 波 泣 泥 注 泰 泳 洋 洗 洞 津 洪 活 派 流 浄 浅 浜 浦 浪 浮 浴 海 浸 消 涙 涯 液 涼 淑 淡 深 混 添 清 渇 済 渉 渋 渓 減 渡 渦 温 測 港 湖 湯 湾 湿 満 源 準 溝 溶 滅 滋 滑 滝 滞 滴 漁 漂 漆 漏 演 漠 漢 漫 漬 漸 潔 潜 潟 潤 潮 澄 激 濁 濃 濫 濯 瀬 火 灯 灰 災 炉 炊 炎 炭 点 為 烈 無 焦 然 焼 煙 照 煩 煮 熟 熱 燃 燥 爆 爵 父 片 版 牙 牛 牧 物 牲 特 犠 犬 犯 状 狂 狩 独 狭 猛 猟 猫 献 猶 猿 獄 獣 獲 玄 率 玉 王 珍 珠 班 現 球 理 琴 環 璽 瓶 甘 甚 生 産 用 田 由 甲 申 男 町 画 界 畑 畔 留 畜 畝 略 番 異 畳 疎 疑 疫 疲 疾 病 症 痘 痛 痢 痴 療 癒 癖 発 登 白 百 的 皆 皇 皮 皿 盆 益 盗 盛 盟 監 盤 目 盲 直 相 盾 省 看 県 真 眠 眺 眼 着 睡 督 瞬 矛 矢 知 短 矯 石 砂 研 砕 砲 破 硝 硫 硬 碁 碑 確 磁 磨 礁 礎 示 礼 社 祈 祉 祖 祝 神 祥 票 祭 禁 禅 禍 福 秀 私 秋 科 秒 秘 租 秩 称 移 程 税 稚 種 稲 稼 稿 穀 穂 積 穏 穫 穴 究 空 突 窃 窒 窓 窮 窯 立 竜 章 童 端 競 竹 笑 笛 符 第 筆 等 筋 筒 答 策 箇 算 管 箱 節 範 築 篤 簡 簿 籍 米 粉 粋 粒 粗 粘 粛 粧 精 糖 糧 糸 系 糾 紀 約 紅 紋 納 純 紙 級 紛 素 紡 索 紫 累 細 紳 紹 紺 終 組 経 結 絞 絡 給 統 絵 絶 絹 継 続 維 綱 網 綿 緊 総 緑 緒 線 締 編 緩 緯 練 縁 縄 縛 縦 縫 縮 績 繁 繊 織 繕 繭 繰 缶 罪 置 罰 署 罷 羅 羊 美 群 義 羽 翁 翌 習 翻 翼 老 考 者 耐 耕 耗 耳 聖 聞 聴 職 肉 肌 肖 肝 肢 肥 肩 肪 肯 育 肺 胃 胆 背 胎 胞 胴 胸 能 脂 脅 脈 脚 脱 脳 腐 腕 腰 腸 腹 膚 膜 膨 臓 臣 臨 自 臭 至 致 興 舌 舎 舗 舞 舟 航 般 舶 船 艇 艦 良 色 芋 芝 花 芳
      芸 芽 苗 若 苦 英 茂 茎 茶 草 荒 荘 荷 菊 菌 菓 菜 華 落 葉 著 葬 蒸 蓄 蔵 薄 薦 薪 薫 薬 藤 藩 藻 虎 虐 虚 虜 虞 虫 蚊 蚕 蛇 蛍 蛮 融 血 衆 行 術 街 衛 衝 衡 衣 表 衰 衷 袋 被 裁 裂 装 裏 裕 補 裸 製 複 褐 褒 襟 襲 西 要 覆 覇 見 規 視 覚 覧 親 観 角 解 触 言 訂 計 討 訓 託 記 訟 訪 設 許 訳 訴 診 証 詐 詔 評 詞 詠 試 詩 詰 話 該 詳 誇 誉 誌 認 誓 誕 誘 語 誠 誤 説 読 誰 課 調 談 請 論 諭 諮 諸 諾 謀 謁 謄 謙 講 謝 謡 謹 識 譜 警 議 譲 護 谷 豆 豊 豚 象 豪 貝 貞 負 財 貢 貧 貨 販 貫 責 貯 貴 買 貸 費 貿 賀 賃 賄 資 賊 賓 賛 賜 賞 賠 賢 賦 質 購 贈 赤 赦 走 赴 起 超 越 趣 足 距 跡 路 跳 践 踊 踏 躍 身 車 軌 軍 軒 軟 転 軸 軽 較 載 輝 輩 輪 輸 轄 辛 辞 辱 農 辺 込 迅 迎 近 返 迫 迭 述 迷 追 退 送 逃 逆 透 逐 逓 途 通 逝 速 造 連 逮 週 進 逸 遂 遅 遇 遊 運 遍 過 道 達 違 遠 遣 適 遭 遮 遵 遷 選 遺 避 還 邦 邪 邸 郊 郎 郡 部 郭 郵 郷 都 酌 配 酒 酔 酢 酪 酬 酵 酷 酸 醜 醸 釈 里 重 野 量 金 針 釣 鈍 鈴 鉄 鉛 鉢 鉱 銀 銃 銅 銘 銭 鋭 鋳 鋼 錠 錬 錯 録 鍛 鎖 鎮 鏡 鐘 鑑 長 門 閉 開 閑 間 関 閣 閥 閲 闘 阪 防 阻 附 降 限 陛 院 陣 除 陥 陪 陰 陳 陵 陶 陸 険 陽 隅 隆 隊 階 随 隔 際 障 隠 隣 隷 隻 雄 雅 集 雇 雌 雑 離 難 雨 雪 雰 雲 零 雷 電 需 震 霊 霜 霧 露 青 静 非 面 革 靴 韓 音 韻 響 頂 頃 項 順 預 頑 頒 領 頬 頭 頻 頼 題 額 顔 顕 願 類 顧 風 飛 食 飢 飯 飲 飼 飽 飾 養 餓 館 首 香 馬 駄 駅 駆 駐 騎 騒 験 騰 驚 骨 髄 高 髪 鬼 魂 魅 魔 魚 鮮 鯨 鳥 鳴 鶏 鹿 麗 麦 麻 黄 黒 黙 鼓 鼻 齢
    marks: ◌̅
    numerals: '% + - . 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ‰'
    preferred_as_group: true
    punctuation: '! " # % & ( ) * - . / : ; ? @ [ \ ] _ § ¶ ‐ — ― ‖ ‘ ’ “ ” † ‡ ‥ … ‰ ′ ″ ※ ‾ 、 。 〃 〈 〉 《 》 「 」 『 』 【 】 〔 〕 〜 ・ ！ ＂ ＃ ％ ＆ ＇ （ ） ＊ ， － ． ／ ： ； ？ ＠ ［ ＼ ］ ＿ ｛ ｝ ｡ ｢ ｣ ､ ･'
    script: Kanji
    status: primary
  - base: あ い う え お k か き く け こ g が ぎ ぐ げ ご s さ し す せ そ z ざ じ ず ぜ ぞ t た ち つ て と d だ ぢ づ で ど n な に ぬ ね の h は ひ ふ へ ほ b ば び ぶ べ ぼ p ぱ ぴ ぷ ぺ ぽ m ま み む め も y や ゆ よ r ら り る れ ろ w わ ゐ ゑ を ん っ ゝ
    marks: ◌゙ ◌゚
    preferred_as_group: true
    script: Hiragana
    status: primary
  - base: ゠ ァ ア ィ イ ゥ ウ ェ エ ォ オ カ ガ キ ギ ク グ ケ ゲ コ ゴ サ ザ シ ジ ス ズ セ ゼ ソ ゾ タ ダ チ ヂ ッ ツ ヅ テ デ ト ド ナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ ハ バ パ ヒ ビ ピ フ ブ プ ヘ ベ ペ ホ ボ ポ マ ミ ム メ モ ャ ヤ ュ ユ ョ ヨ ラ リ ル レ ロ ヮ ワ ヰ ヱ ヲ ン ヴ ヵ ヶ ヷ ヸ ヹ ヺ ・ ー ヽ ヾ ヿ ㇰ ㇱ ㇲ ㇳ ㇴ ㇵ ㇶ ㇷ ㇸ ㇹ ㇺ ㇻ ㇼ ㇽ ㇾ ㇿ
    marks: ◌゙ ◌゚
    preferred_as_group: true
    script: Katakana
    status: primary
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    note: The Latin script is used for imported acronyms.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - base: A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z ā ē ī ō ū
    marks: ◌̄
    note: Rōmaji is used to transcribe Japanese for use by foreigners. The most commonly used orthography is this one, for the Hepburn romanization system.
    script: Latin
    status: transliteration
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 128000000
  speakers_date: 2020
  validity: preliminary
jpr:
  name: Judeo-Persian
  orthographies:
  - inherit: heb
    script: Hebrew
    status: primary
  speakers: 60000
  speakers_date: 1995
  status: living
  validity: draft
kaa:
  name: Kara-Kalpak
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Қарақалпақ
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ў Ғ Қ Ң Ү Ҳ Ә Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ў ғ қ ң ү ҳ ә ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Qaraqalpaq
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Ǵ Ń Ú a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á İ ı ǵ ń ú
    marks: ◌́ ◌̇
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 583410
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kab:
  name: Kabyle
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Taqbaylit
    auxiliary: O V o v
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R S T U W X Y Z Č Ǧ Ɛ Ɣ Ḍ Ḥ Ṛ Ṣ Ṭ Ẓ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n p q r s t u w x y z č ǧ ɛ ɣ ḍ ḥ ṛ ṣ ṭ ẓ
    marks: ◌̌ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 5600000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
kal:
  name: Kalaallisut
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kalaallisut
    auxiliary: À Ì Ù à ì ù
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Â Ã Å Æ Ê Í Î Ĩ Ô Ø Ú Û Ũ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á â ã å æ ê í î ĩ ô ø ú û ĸ ũ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̊ ◌̀
    note: Alphabet invented by Samuel Kleinschmidt. Used until 1973.
    script: Latin
    status: deprecated
  - autonym: Kalaallisut
    auxiliary: B C D H W X Y Z Å Æ Ø b c d h w x y z å æ ø
    base: A E F G I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V a e f g i j k l m n o p q r s t u v
    marks: ◌̊
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 57000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
kam:
  name: Kamba (Kenya)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kikamba
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Ĩ Ũ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z ĩ ũ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3900000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kan:
  name: Kannada
  note: There are approximately 600000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ಕನ್ನಡ
    base: ಕ ಖ ಗ ಘ ಙ ಚ ಛ ಜ ಝ ಞ ಟ ಠ ಡ ಢ ಣ ತ ಥ ದ ಧ ನ ಪ ಫ ಬ ಭ ಮ ಯ ರ ಲ ವ ಶ ಷ ಸ ಹ ಳ ಅ ಆ ಇ ಈ ಉ ಊ ಋ ೠ ಎ ಏ ಐ ಒ ಓ ಔ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ಂ ◌ಃ ◌ಾ ◌ಿ ◌ು ◌ೂ ◌ೃ ◌ೄ ◌ೆ ◌ೌ ◌್ ◌ೕ ◌ೖ
    numerals: ೧ ೨ ೩ ೪ ೫ ೬ ೭ ೮ ೯ ೦
    script: Kannada
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 43000000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
kap:
  name: Bezhta
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Бежкьалас миц
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Я Ӏ А̄ Е̄ Ӣ О̄ Ӯ Э̄ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э я ӏ а̄ е̄ ӣ о̄ ӯ э̄
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 6800
  speakers_date: 2006-2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
kat:
  name: Georgian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ქართული
    base: Ა Ბ Გ Დ Ე Ვ Ზ Თ Ი Კ Ლ Მ Ნ Ო Პ Ჟ Რ Ს Ტ Უ Ფ Ქ Ღ Ყ Შ Ჩ Ც Ძ Წ Ჭ Ხ Ჯ Ჰ ა ბ გ დ ე ვ ზ თ ი კ ლ მ ნ ო პ ჟ რ ს ტ უ ფ ქ ღ ყ შ ჩ ც ძ წ ჭ ხ ჯ ჰ
    design_requirements:
    - The character set includes Mkhedruli (lowercase letters) and Mtavruli (capital letters, added to Unicode in 2018). It is recommended that font developers supporting contemporary use of the Georgian language include both sets of letters.
    script: Georgian
    status: primary
  - base: Ⴀ Ⴁ Ⴂ Ⴃ Ⴄ Ⴅ Ⴆ Ⴇ Ⴈ Ⴉ Ⴊ Ⴋ Ⴌ Ⴍ Ⴎ Ⴏ Ⴐ Ⴑ Ⴒ Ⴓ Ⴔ Ⴕ Ⴖ Ⴗ Ⴘ Ⴙ Ⴚ Ⴛ Ⴜ Ⴝ Ⴞ Ⴟ Ⴠ Ⴡ Ⴢ Ⴣ Ⴤ Ⴥ
    design_requirements:
    - The capital letters (Asomtavruli) of the old ecclesiastical alphabet Khutsuri. Asomtavruli is frequently used in iconography, murals, and exterior design. Asomtavruli and Nuskhuri (the lowercase letters) are officially used by the Georgian Orthodox Church alongside the contemporary alphabets (Mkhedruli and Mtavruli), today.
    script: Georgian
    status: secondary
  - base: ⴀ ⴁ ⴂ ⴃ ⴄ ⴅ ⴆ ⴇ ⴈ ⴉ ⴊ ⴋ ⴌ ⴍ ⴎ ⴏ ⴐ ⴑ ⴒ ⴓ ⴔ ⴕ ⴖ ⴗ ⴘ ⴙ ⴚ ⴛ ⴜ ⴝ ⴞ ⴟ ⴠ ⴡ ⴢ ⴣ ⴤ ⴥ
    design_requirements:
    - The lowercase letters (Nuskhuri) of the old ecclesiastical alphabet Khutsuri. Asomtavruli (the capital letters) and Nuskhuri are officially used by the Georgian Orthodox Church alongside the contemporary alphabets (Mkhedruli and Mtavruli), today.
    script: Georgian
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3700000
  speakers_date: 2014
  validity: preliminary
kau:
  includes:
  - knc
  - kby
  - krt
  - bms
  - kbl
  name: Kanuri
  note: These are part of a dialect continuuum and therefore not necessarilyy mutually intelligible.
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E Ǝ F G H I J K L M N O P R Ɍ S T U W Y Z a b c d e ǝ f g h i j k l m n o p r ɍ s t u w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 8600000
  speakers_date: 1988-2015
  validity: preliminary
kaz:
  name: Kazakh
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Қазақ тілі
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё І Ғ Қ Ң Ү Ұ Һ Ә Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё і ғ қ ң ү ұ һ ә ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 11700000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kbd:
  name: Kabardian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Адыгэбзэ
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1600000
  speakers_date: 2005-2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kbp:
  name: Kabiyè
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D Ɖ E Ɛ F G Ɣ H I Ɩ J K L M N Ñ Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U Ʋ V W Y Z a b c d ɖ e ɛ f g ɣ h i ɩ j k l m n ñ ŋ o ɔ p r s t u ʋ v w y z
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - https://www.webonary.org/kabiye/browse/browse-vernacular-english/?key=kbp&lang=en
  - https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/1967
  - https://www.bible.com/bible/555/MAT.1.KABI
  - https://www.jw.org/kbp/
  speakers: 1000000
  speakers_date: 2012
  validity: preliminary
kca:
  name: Khanty
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ханты
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Є Ў Қ Ң Ҳ Ҷ Ӆ Ӈ Ӑ Ӓ Ә Ӛ Ӧ Ө Ӫ Ӱ Ԓ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё є ў қ ң ҳ ҷ ӆ ӈ ӑ ӓ ә ӛ ӧ ө ӫ ӱ ԓ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9600
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kde:
  name: Makonde
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Chimakonde
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 1400000
  speakers_date: 2006
  status: living
  validity: verified
kdh:
  name: Tem
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kotokoli
    base: A B C D Ɖ E Ɛ F G H I Ɩ J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U Ʊ V W Y Z a b c d ɖ e ɛ f g h i ɩ j k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u ʊ v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 340000
  speakers_date: 1987-2012
  validity: preliminary
kdr:
  name: Karaim
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Къарай
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ӧ Ӱ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ӧ ӱ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 80
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kea:
  name: Kabuverdianu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kabuverdianu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Â Ã Ç È É Ê Í Ò Ó Ô Õ Ú Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á â ã ç è é ê í ò ó ô õ ú ü
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 871000
  speakers_date: 2017
  status: living
  validity: verified
kek:
  name: Kekchí
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Q’eqchi’
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ’
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 800000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
ket:
  name: Ket
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Остыганна ӄа’
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӄ Ӈ Ә Ө Ӷ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӄ ӈ ә ө ӷ ’
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 213
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
keu:
  name: Akebu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: kǝkpǝǝ-kǝ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɖ Ǝ Ɛ Ɩ Ʊ ǝ ɔ ɖ ɛ ɩ ʊ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Marthe Sossoukpe, Kə lə kə, kə la ŋʊrʊ Kəkpəə-kə — Guide pour aider les scolarisés en français à lire et écrire l’akébou (Guide de transition français - akébou), SIL Togo, 2014
  - Wikipedia
  - https://www.webonary.org/akebu/
  speakers: 70300
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kfr:
  name: Kachhi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: કચ્છી
    inherit: guj
    script: Gujarati
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1031000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
kgp:
  name: Kaingang
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kanhgág
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Ã É Ó Ĩ Ỹ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á ã é ó ĩ ỹ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 18000
  speakers_date: 1989
  status: living
  validity: verified
kha:
  name: Khasi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ka Ktien Khasi
    base: A B K D E G H I Ï J L M N Ñ O P R S T U W Y a b k d e g h i ï j l m n ñ o p r s t u w y
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1037964
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
khk:
  name: Halh Mongolian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Монгол
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ү Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ү ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3600000
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: verified
khm:
  name: Khmer
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ភាសាខ្មែរ
    base: ក ខ គ ឃ ង ច ឆ ជ ឈ ញ ដ ឋ ឌ ឍ ណ ត ថ ទ ធ ន ប ផ ព ភ ម យ រ ល វ ស ហ ឡ អ ឥ ឦ ឧ ឩ ឪ ឫ ឬ ឭ ឮ ឯ ឰ ឱ ឲ ឳ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and some character combinations (ligatures) have to be resolved to properly represent the language.
    marks: ◌឴ ◌឵ ◌ា ◌ិ ◌ី ◌ឹ ◌ឺ ◌ុ ◌ូ ◌ួ ◌ើ ◌ឿ ◌ៀ ◌េ ◌ែ ◌ៃ ◌ោ ◌ៅ ◌ំ ◌ះ ◌ៈ ◌៉ ◌៊ ◌់ ◌៍ ◌័ ◌្
    script: Khmer
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 16000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: draft
khq:
  name: Koyra Chiini Songhay
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Koyra Chiini
    auxiliary: V v
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W X Y Z Ã Õ Ŋ Š Ž Ɲ Ẽ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u w x y z ã õ ŋ š ž ɲ ẽ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 200000
  speakers_date: 1999
  status: living
  validity: draft
kik:
  name: Kikuyu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Gĩgĩkũyũ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ĩ Ŋ Ũ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ĩ ŋ ũ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 10000000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kin:
  name: Kinyarwanda
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kinyarwanda
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9800000
  speakers_date: 2018
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kir:
  name: Kirghiz
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Кыргызча
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ң Ү Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ң ү ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4300000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
kiu:
  name: Kirmanjki (individual language)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Shar Ma
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ç Ê Ǧ Î Ş Û a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ç ê ǧ î ş û
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̌ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Kirmanjki
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  status: living
  validity: verified
kjh:
  name: Khakas
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Хакас
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё І Ғ Ң Ӌ Ӧ Ӱ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё і ғ ң ӌ ӧ ӱ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 43000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kjj:
  name: Khinalugh
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Каьтш мицӏ
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ӏ Ә А̃ Е̃ И̃ О̃ У̃ Ә̃ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ӏ ә а̃ е̃ и̃ о̃ у̃ ә̃
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kkh:
  name: Khün
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ᨴᩱ᩠ᨿᨡᩨ᩠ᨶ
    base: ᨠ ᨡ ᩉ ᨦ ᨧ ᨨ ᨬ ᨭ ᨣ ᨤ ᨥ ᨩ ᨫ ᨮ ᨲ ᨳ ᨶ ᨸ ᨹ ᨺ ᨰ ᨱ ᨴ ᨵ ᨻ ᨽ ᨼ ᨾ ᩃ ᩁ ᩅ ᩆ ᩇ ᨿ ᩓ ᩈ ᩔ ᨪ ᩌ ᩊ ᨯ ᨷ ᩀ ᩋ ᩍ ᩎ ᩏ ᩐ ᩑ ᩒ ᩂ ᩄ
    marks: ◌ᩖ ◌᩠ ◌ᩣ ◌ᩱ
    script: Tham
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 100000
  speakers_date: 1990
  validity: preliminary
kkj:
  name: Kako
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kakɔ
    auxiliary: Q X Z q x z
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y À Á Â È É Ê Ì Í Î Ò Ó Ô Ù Ú Û Ŋ Ǌ Ɓ Ɔ Ɗ Ɛ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y à á â è é ê ì í î ò ó ô ù ú û ŋ ǌ ɓ ɔ ɗ ɛ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 120000
  speakers_date: 1996-2003
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kln:
  includes:
  - enb
  - eyo
  - niq
  - oki
  - pko
  - sgc
  - spy
  - tec
  - tuy
  name: Kalenjin
  note: A cluster of Nandi–Markweta dialects/languages. Approximately 18% of the population of Kenya.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Markweta
    auxiliary: F Q V X Z f q v x z
    base: A B C D E G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b c d e g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_as_individual: true
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 8561574
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kmb:
  name: Kimbundu
  orthographies:
  - base: A B D E F H I J K L M N O P S T U V X Z a b d e f h i j k l m n o p s t u v x z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2100000
  speakers_date: 2014
  validity: preliminary
kmr:
  name: Northern Kurdish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kurmancî
    auxiliary: Ḧ Ẍ ḧ ẍ '
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ç Ê Î Ş Û a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ç ê î ş û
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̧ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Kurmancî
    auxiliary: Ḧ Ẍ ḧ ẍ '
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ç Ê Î Ş Û Ł Ň Ř Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ç ê î ş û ł ň ř ü
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̌ ◌̧
    note: Used in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - base: А Б В Г Д Е Ә Ж З Й К Л М Н О Ӧ П Р С Т У Ф Х Һ Ч Ш Щ Ь Э Ԛ Ԝ а б в г д е ә ж з й к л м н о ӧ п р с т у ф х һ ч ш щ ь э ԛ ԝ '
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    note: Used in Russia and Armenia.
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 15000000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
knf:
  name: Mankanya
  orthographies:
  - autonym: mankaañ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y Ë Ñ Ú ë ñ ú Ŋ ŋ Ş ş Ţ ţ Ŧ ŧ
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̃ ◌́ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Sénégal, Décret no 2005-984 relatif à l’orthographe et la séparation des mots en mankaañ, 21 octobre 2005
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 75000
  speakers_date: 2006
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
knn:
  name: Konkani (individual language)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: महाराष्ट्रीय कोंकणी
    inherit: hin
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Maharashtrian Konkani
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Unicode
  speakers: 2400000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
koi:
  name: Komi-Permyak
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Перем Коми
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё І Ӧ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё і ӧ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 63000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
kok:
  includes:
  - gom
  - knn
  name: Konkani (macrolanguage)
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2300000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: verified
kon:
  autonym: Kikongo
  includes:
  - kng
  - ldi
  - kwy
  - yom
  name: Kongo
  note: The speaker count is for all included languages.
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_as_individual: true
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 6500000
  speakers_date: 1982-2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
koo:
  name: Konzo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Lhukonzo
    base: A B D E F G H I Ï K L M N O P R S T U Ü V W Y Z a b d e f g h i ï k l m n o p r s t u ü v w y z
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 610000
  speakers_date: 2002
  validity: preliminary
kor:
  name: Korean
  orthographies:
  - autonym: 한국어 / 조선말
    auxiliary: ᅡ ᅢ ᅣ ᅤ ᅥ ᅦ ᅧ ᅨ ᅩ ᅪ ᅫ ᅬ ᅭ ᅮ ᅯ ᅰ ᅱ ᅲ ᅳ ᅴ ᅵ ᄀ ᄁ ᄂ ᄃ ᄄ ᄅ ᄆ ᄇ ᄈ ᄉ ᄊ ᄋ ᄌ ㅉ ᄎ ᄏ ᄐ ᄑ ᄒ
    base: 가 각 갂 갃 간 갅 갆 갇 갈 갉 갊 갋 갌 갍 갎 갏 감 갑 값 갓 갔 강 갖 갗 갘 같 갚 갛 개 객 갞 갟 갠 갡 갢 갣 갤 갥 갦 갧 갨 갩 갪 갫 갬 갭 갮 갯 갰 갱 갲 갳 갴 갵 갶 갷 갸 갹 갺 갻 갼 갽 갾 갿 걀 걁 걂 걃 걄 걅 걆 걇 걈 걉 걊 걋 걌 걍 걎 걏 걐 걑 걒 걓 걔 걕 걖 걗 걘 걙 걚 걛 걜 걝 걞 걟 걠 걡 걢 걣 걤 걥 걦 걧 걨 걩 걪 걫 걬 걭 걮 걯 거 걱 걲 걳 건 걵 걶 걷 걸 걹 걺 걻 걼 걽 걾 걿 검 겁 겂 것 겄 겅 겆 겇 겈 겉 겊 겋 게 겍 겎 겏 겐 겑 겒 겓 겔 겕 겖 겗 겘 겙 겚 겛 겜 겝 겞 겟 겠 겡 겢 겣 겤 겥 겦 겧 겨 격 겪 겫 견 겭 겮 겯 결 겱 겲 겳 겴 겵 겶 겷 겸 겹 겺 겻 겼 경 겾 겿 곀 곁 곂 곃 계 곅 곆 곇 곈 곉 곊 곋 곌 곍 곎 곏 곐 곑 곒 곓 곔 곕 곖 곗 곘 곙 곚 곛 곜 곝 곞 곟 고 곡 곢 곣 곤 곥 곦 곧 골 곩 곪 곫 곬 곭 곮 곯 곰 곱 곲 곳 곴 공 곶 곷 곸 곹 곺 곻 과 곽 곾 곿 관 괁 괂 괃 괄 괅 괆 괇 괈 괉 괊 괋 괌 괍 괎 괏 괐 광 괒 괓 괔 괕 괖 괗 괘 괙 괚 괛 괜 괝 괞 괟 괠 괡 괢 괣 괤 괥 괦 괧 괨 괩 괪 괫 괬 괭 괮 괯 괰 괱 괲 괳 괴 괵 괶 괷 괸 괹 괺 괻 괼 괽 괾 괿 굀 굁 굂 굃 굄 굅 굆 굇 굈 굉 굊 굋 굌 굍 굎 굏 교 굑 굒 굓 굔 굕 굖 굗 굘 굙 굚 굛 굜 굝 굞 굟 굠 굡 굢 굣 굤 굥 굦 굧 굨 굩 굪 굫 구 국 굮 굯 군 굱 굲 굳 굴 굵 굶 굷 굸 굹 굺 굻 굼 굽 굾 굿 궀 궁 궂 궃 궄 궅 궆 궇 궈 궉 궊 궋 권 궍 궎 궏 궐 궑 궒 궓 궔 궕 궖 궗 궘 궙 궚 궛 궜 궝 궞 궟 궠 궡 궢 궣 궤 궥 궦 궧 궨 궩 궪 궫 궬 궭 궮 궯 궰 궱 궲 궳 궴 궵 궶 궷 궸 궹 궺 궻 궼 궽 궾 궿 귀 귁 귂 귃 귄 귅 귆 귇 귈 귉 귊 귋 귌 귍 귎 귏 귐 귑 귒 귓 귔 귕 귖 귗 귘 귙 귚 귛 규 귝 귞 귟 균 귡 귢 귣 귤 귥 귦 귧 귨 귩 귪 귫 귬 귭 귮 귯
      귰 귱 귲 귳 귴 귵 귶 귷 그 극 귺 귻 근 귽 귾 귿 글 긁 긂 긃 긄 긅 긆 긇 금 급 긊 긋 긌 긍 긎 긏 긐 긑 긒 긓 긔 긕 긖 긗 긘 긙 긚 긛 긜 긝 긞 긟 긠 긡 긢 긣 긤 긥 긦 긧 긨 긩 긪 긫 긬 긭 긮 긯 기 긱 긲 긳 긴 긵 긶 긷 길 긹 긺 긻 긼 긽 긾 긿 김 깁 깂 깃 깄 깅 깆 깇 깈 깉 깊 깋 까 깍 깎 깏 깐 깑 깒 깓 깔 깕 깖 깗 깘 깙 깚 깛 깜 깝 깞 깟 깠 깡 깢 깣 깤 깥 깦 깧 깨 깩 깪 깫 깬 깭 깮 깯 깰 깱 깲 깳 깴 깵 깶 깷 깸 깹 깺 깻 깼 깽 깾 깿 꺀 꺁 꺂 꺃 꺄 꺅 꺆 꺇 꺈 꺉 꺊 꺋 꺌 꺍 꺎 꺏 꺐 꺑 꺒 꺓 꺔 꺕 꺖 꺗 꺘 꺙 꺚 꺛 꺜 꺝 꺞 꺟 꺠 꺡 꺢 꺣 꺤 꺥 꺦 꺧 꺨 꺩 꺪 꺫 꺬 꺭 꺮 꺯 꺰 꺱 꺲 꺳 꺴 꺵 꺶 꺷 꺸 꺹 꺺 꺻 꺼 꺽 꺾 꺿 껀 껁 껂 껃 껄 껅 껆 껇 껈 껉 껊 껋 껌 껍 껎 껏 껐 껑 껒 껓 껔 껕 껖 껗 께 껙 껚 껛 껜 껝 껞 껟 껠 껡 껢 껣 껤 껥 껦 껧 껨 껩 껪 껫 껬 껭 껮 껯 껰 껱 껲 껳 껴 껵 껶 껷 껸 껹 껺 껻 껼 껽 껾 껿 꼀 꼁 꼂 꼃 꼄 꼅 꼆 꼇 꼈 꼉 꼊 꼋 꼌 꼍 꼎 꼏 꼐 꼑 꼒 꼓 꼔 꼕 꼖 꼗 꼘 꼙 꼚 꼛 꼜 꼝 꼞 꼟 꼠 꼡 꼢 꼣 꼤 꼥 꼦 꼧 꼨 꼩 꼪 꼫 꼬 꼭 꼮 꼯 꼰 꼱 꼲 꼳 꼴 꼵 꼶 꼷 꼸 꼹 꼺 꼻 꼼 꼽 꼾 꼿 꽀 꽁 꽂 꽃 꽄 꽅 꽆 꽇 꽈 꽉 꽊 꽋 꽌 꽍 꽎 꽏 꽐 꽑 꽒 꽓 꽔 꽕 꽖 꽗 꽘 꽙 꽚 꽛 꽜 꽝 꽞 꽟 꽠 꽡 꽢 꽣 꽤 꽥 꽦 꽧 꽨 꽩 꽪 꽫 꽬 꽭 꽮 꽯 꽰 꽱 꽲 꽳 꽴 꽵 꽶 꽷 꽸 꽹 꽺 꽻 꽼 꽽 꽾 꽿 꾀 꾁 꾂 꾃 꾄 꾅 꾆 꾇 꾈 꾉 꾊 꾋 꾌 꾍 꾎 꾏 꾐 꾑 꾒 꾓 꾔 꾕 꾖 꾗 꾘 꾙 꾚 꾛 꾜 꾝 꾞 꾟 꾠 꾡 꾢 꾣 꾤 꾥 꾦 꾧 꾨 꾩 꾪 꾫 꾬 꾭 꾮 꾯 꾰 꾱 꾲 꾳 꾴 꾵 꾶 꾷 꾸 꾹 꾺 꾻 꾼 꾽 꾾 꾿 꿀 꿁 꿂 꿃 꿄 꿅 꿆 꿇 꿈 꿉 꿊 꿋 꿌 꿍 꿎 꿏 꿐 꿑 꿒 꿓 꿔 꿕 꿖 꿗 꿘 꿙 꿚 꿛 꿜 꿝 꿞 꿟 꿠 꿡
      꿢 꿣 꿤 꿥 꿦 꿧 꿨 꿩 꿪 꿫 꿬 꿭 꿮 꿯 꿰 꿱 꿲 꿳 꿴 꿵 꿶 꿷 꿸 꿹 꿺 꿻 꿼 꿽 꿾 꿿 뀀 뀁 뀂 뀃 뀄 뀅 뀆 뀇 뀈 뀉 뀊 뀋 뀌 뀍 뀎 뀏 뀐 뀑 뀒 뀓 뀔 뀕 뀖 뀗 뀘 뀙 뀚 뀛 뀜 뀝 뀞 뀟 뀠 뀡 뀢 뀣 뀤 뀥 뀦 뀧 뀨 뀩 뀪 뀫 뀬 뀭 뀮 뀯 뀰 뀱 뀲 뀳 뀴 뀵 뀶 뀷 뀸 뀹 뀺 뀻 뀼 뀽 뀾 뀿 끀 끁 끂 끃 끄 끅 끆 끇 끈 끉 끊 끋 끌 끍 끎 끏 끐 끑 끒 끓 끔 끕 끖 끗 끘 끙 끚 끛 끜 끝 끞 끟 끠 끡 끢 끣 끤 끥 끦 끧 끨 끩 끪 끫 끬 끭 끮 끯 끰 끱 끲 끳 끴 끵 끶 끷 끸 끹 끺 끻 끼 끽 끾 끿 낀 낁 낂 낃 낄 낅 낆 낇 낈 낉 낊 낋 낌 낍 낎 낏 낐 낑 낒 낓 낔 낕 낖 낗 나 낙 낚 낛 난 낝 낞 낟 날 낡 낢 낣 낤 낥 낦 낧 남 납 낪 낫 났 낭 낮 낯 낰 낱 낲 낳 내 낵 낶 낷 낸 낹 낺 낻 낼 낽 낾 낿 냀 냁 냂 냃 냄 냅 냆 냇 냈 냉 냊 냋 냌 냍 냎 냏 냐 냑 냒 냓 냔 냕 냖 냗 냘 냙 냚 냛 냜 냝 냞 냟 냠 냡 냢 냣 냤 냥 냦 냧 냨 냩 냪 냫 냬 냭 냮 냯 냰 냱 냲 냳 냴 냵 냶 냷 냸 냹 냺 냻 냼 냽 냾 냿 넀 넁 넂 넃 넄 넅 넆 넇 너 넉 넊 넋 넌 넍 넎 넏 널 넑 넒 넓 넔 넕 넖 넗 넘 넙 넚 넛 넜 넝 넞 넟 넠 넡 넢 넣 네 넥 넦 넧 넨 넩 넪 넫 넬 넭 넮 넯 넰 넱 넲 넳 넴 넵 넶 넷 넸 넹 넺 넻 넼 넽 넾 넿 녀 녁 녂 녃 년 녅 녆 녇 녈 녉 녊 녋 녌 녍 녎 녏 념 녑 녒 녓 녔 녕 녖 녗 녘 녙 녚 녛 녜 녝 녞 녟 녠 녡 녢 녣 녤 녥 녦 녧 녨 녩 녪 녫 녬 녭 녮 녯 녰 녱 녲 녳 녴 녵 녶 녷 노 녹 녺 녻 논 녽 녾 녿 놀 놁 놂 놃 놄 놅 놆 놇 놈 놉 놊 놋 놌 농 놎 놏 놐 놑 높 놓 놔 놕 놖 놗 놘 놙 놚 놛 놜 놝 놞 놟 놠 놡 놢 놣 놤 놥 놦 놧 놨 놩 놪 놫 놬 놭 놮 놯 놰 놱 놲 놳 놴 놵 놶 놷 놸 놹 놺 놻 놼 놽 놾 놿 뇀 뇁 뇂 뇃 뇄 뇅 뇆 뇇 뇈 뇉 뇊 뇋 뇌 뇍 뇎 뇏 뇐 뇑 뇒 뇓
      뇔 뇕 뇖 뇗 뇘 뇙 뇚 뇛 뇜 뇝 뇞 뇟 뇠 뇡 뇢 뇣 뇤 뇥 뇦 뇧 뇨 뇩 뇪 뇫 뇬 뇭 뇮 뇯 뇰 뇱 뇲 뇳 뇴 뇵 뇶 뇷 뇸 뇹 뇺 뇻 뇼 뇽 뇾 뇿 눀 눁 눂 눃 누 눅 눆 눇 눈 눉 눊 눋 눌 눍 눎 눏 눐 눑 눒 눓 눔 눕 눖 눗 눘 눙 눚 눛 눜 눝 눞 눟 눠 눡 눢 눣 눤 눥 눦 눧 눨 눩 눪 눫 눬 눭 눮 눯 눰 눱 눲 눳 눴 눵 눶 눷 눸 눹 눺 눻 눼 눽 눾 눿 뉀 뉁 뉂 뉃 뉄 뉅 뉆 뉇 뉈 뉉 뉊 뉋 뉌 뉍 뉎 뉏 뉐 뉑 뉒 뉓 뉔 뉕 뉖 뉗 뉘 뉙 뉚 뉛 뉜 뉝 뉞 뉟 뉠 뉡 뉢 뉣 뉤 뉥 뉦 뉧 뉨 뉩 뉪 뉫 뉬 뉭 뉮 뉯 뉰 뉱 뉲 뉳 뉴 뉵 뉶 뉷 뉸 뉹 뉺 뉻 뉼 뉽 뉾 뉿 늀 늁 늂 늃 늄 늅 늆 늇 늈 늉 늊 늋 늌 늍 늎 늏 느 늑 늒 늓 는 늕 늖 늗 늘 늙 늚 늛 늜 늝 늞 늟 늠 늡 늢 늣 늤 능 늦 늧 늨 늩 늪 늫 늬 늭 늮 늯 늰 늱 늲 늳 늴 늵 늶 늷 늸 늹 늺 늻 늼 늽 늾 늿 닀 닁 닂 닃 닄 닅 닆 닇 니 닉 닊 닋 닌 닍 닎 닏 닐 닑 닒 닓 닔 닕 닖 닗 님 닙 닚 닛 닜 닝 닞 닟 닠 닡 닢 닣 다 닥 닦 닧 단 닩 닪 닫 달 닭 닮 닯 닰 닱 닲 닳 담 답 닶 닷 닸 당 닺 닻 닼 닽 닾 닿 대 댁 댂 댃 댄 댅 댆 댇 댈 댉 댊 댋 댌 댍 댎 댏 댐 댑 댒 댓 댔 댕 댖 댗 댘 댙 댚 댛 댜 댝 댞 댟 댠 댡 댢 댣 댤 댥 댦 댧 댨 댩 댪 댫 댬 댭 댮 댯 댰 댱 댲 댳 댴 댵 댶 댷 댸 댹 댺 댻 댼 댽 댾 댿 덀 덁 덂 덃 덄 덅 덆 덇 덈 덉 덊 덋 덌 덍 덎 덏 덐 덑 덒 덓 더 덕 덖 덗 던 덙 덚 덛 덜 덝 덞 덟 덠 덡 덢 덣 덤 덥 덦 덧 덨 덩 덪 덫 덬 덭 덮 덯 데 덱 덲 덳 덴 덵 덶 덷 델 덹 덺 덻 덼 덽 덾 덿 뎀 뎁 뎂 뎃 뎄 뎅 뎆 뎇 뎈 뎉 뎊 뎋 뎌 뎍 뎎 뎏 뎐 뎑 뎒 뎓 뎔 뎕 뎖 뎗 뎘 뎙 뎚 뎛 뎜 뎝 뎞 뎟 뎠 뎡 뎢 뎣 뎤 뎥 뎦 뎧 뎨 뎩 뎪 뎫 뎬 뎭 뎮 뎯 뎰 뎱 뎲 뎳 뎴 뎵 뎶 뎷 뎸 뎹 뎺 뎻 뎼 뎽 뎾 뎿 돀 돁 돂 돃 도 독
      돆 돇 돈 돉 돊 돋 돌 돍 돎 돏 돐 돑 돒 돓 돔 돕 돖 돗 돘 동 돚 돛 돜 돝 돞 돟 돠 돡 돢 돣 돤 돥 돦 돧 돨 돩 돪 돫 돬 돭 돮 돯 돰 돱 돲 돳 돴 돵 돶 돷 돸 돹 돺 돻 돼 돽 돾 돿 됀 됁 됂 됃 됄 됅 됆 됇 됈 됉 됊 됋 됌 됍 됎 됏 됐 됑 됒 됓 됔 됕 됖 됗 되 됙 됚 됛 된 됝 됞 됟 될 됡 됢 됣 됤 됥 됦 됧 됨 됩 됪 됫 됬 됭 됮 됯 됰 됱 됲 됳 됴 됵 됶 됷 됸 됹 됺 됻 됼 됽 됾 됿 둀 둁 둂 둃 둄 둅 둆 둇 둈 둉 둊 둋 둌 둍 둎 둏 두 둑 둒 둓 둔 둕 둖 둗 둘 둙 둚 둛 둜 둝 둞 둟 둠 둡 둢 둣 둤 둥 둦 둧 둨 둩 둪 둫 둬 둭 둮 둯 둰 둱 둲 둳 둴 둵 둶 둷 둸 둹 둺 둻 둼 둽 둾 둿 뒀 뒁 뒂 뒃 뒄 뒅 뒆 뒇 뒈 뒉 뒊 뒋 뒌 뒍 뒎 뒏 뒐 뒑 뒒 뒓 뒔 뒕 뒖 뒗 뒘 뒙 뒚 뒛 뒜 뒝 뒞 뒟 뒠 뒡 뒢 뒣 뒤 뒥 뒦 뒧 뒨 뒩 뒪 뒫 뒬 뒭 뒮 뒯 뒰 뒱 뒲 뒳 뒴 뒵 뒶 뒷 뒸 뒹 뒺 뒻 뒼 뒽 뒾 뒿 듀 듁 듂 듃 듄 듅 듆 듇 듈 듉 듊 듋 듌 듍 듎 듏 듐 듑 듒 듓 듔 듕 듖 듗 듘 듙 듚 듛 드 득 듞 듟 든 듡 듢 듣 들 듥 듦 듧 듨 듩 듪 듫 듬 듭 듮 듯 듰 등 듲 듳 듴 듵 듶 듷 듸 듹 듺 듻 듼 듽 듾 듿 딀 딁 딂 딃 딄 딅 딆 딇 딈 딉 딊 딋 딌 딍 딎 딏 딐 딑 딒 딓 디 딕 딖 딗 딘 딙 딚 딛 딜 딝 딞 딟 딠 딡 딢 딣 딤 딥 딦 딧 딨 딩 딪 딫 딬 딭 딮 딯 따 딱 딲 딳 딴 딵 딶 딷 딸 딹 딺 딻 딼 딽 딾 딿 땀 땁 땂 땃 땄 땅 땆 땇 땈 땉 땊 땋 때 땍 땎 땏 땐 땑 땒 땓 땔 땕 땖 땗 땘 땙 땚 땛 땜 땝 땞 땟 땠 땡 땢 땣 땤 땥 땦 땧 땨 땩 땪 땫 땬 땭 땮 땯 땰 땱 땲 땳 땴 땵 땶 땷 땸 땹 땺 땻 땼 땽 땾 땿 떀 떁 떂 떃 떄 떅 떆 떇 떈 떉 떊 떋 떌 떍 떎 떏 떐 떑 떒 떓 떔 떕 떖 떗 떘 떙 떚 떛 떜 떝 떞 떟 떠 떡 떢 떣 떤 떥 떦 떧 떨 떩 떪 떫 떬 떭 떮 떯 떰 떱 떲 떳 떴 떵 떶 떷
      떸 떹 떺 떻 떼 떽 떾 떿 뗀 뗁 뗂 뗃 뗄 뗅 뗆 뗇 뗈 뗉 뗊 뗋 뗌 뗍 뗎 뗏 뗐 뗑 뗒 뗓 뗔 뗕 뗖 뗗 뗘 뗙 뗚 뗛 뗜 뗝 뗞 뗟 뗠 뗡 뗢 뗣 뗤 뗥 뗦 뗧 뗨 뗩 뗪 뗫 뗬 뗭 뗮 뗯 뗰 뗱 뗲 뗳 뗴 뗵 뗶 뗷 뗸 뗹 뗺 뗻 뗼 뗽 뗾 뗿 똀 똁 똂 똃 똄 똅 똆 똇 똈 똉 똊 똋 똌 똍 똎 똏 또 똑 똒 똓 똔 똕 똖 똗 똘 똙 똚 똛 똜 똝 똞 똟 똠 똡 똢 똣 똤 똥 똦 똧 똨 똩 똪 똫 똬 똭 똮 똯 똰 똱 똲 똳 똴 똵 똶 똷 똸 똹 똺 똻 똼 똽 똾 똿 뙀 뙁 뙂 뙃 뙄 뙅 뙆 뙇 뙈 뙉 뙊 뙋 뙌 뙍 뙎 뙏 뙐 뙑 뙒 뙓 뙔 뙕 뙖 뙗 뙘 뙙 뙚 뙛 뙜 뙝 뙞 뙟 뙠 뙡 뙢 뙣 뙤 뙥 뙦 뙧 뙨 뙩 뙪 뙫 뙬 뙭 뙮 뙯 뙰 뙱 뙲 뙳 뙴 뙵 뙶 뙷 뙸 뙹 뙺 뙻 뙼 뙽 뙾 뙿 뚀 뚁 뚂 뚃 뚄 뚅 뚆 뚇 뚈 뚉 뚊 뚋 뚌 뚍 뚎 뚏 뚐 뚑 뚒 뚓 뚔 뚕 뚖 뚗 뚘 뚙 뚚 뚛 뚜 뚝 뚞 뚟 뚠 뚡 뚢 뚣 뚤 뚥 뚦 뚧 뚨 뚩 뚪 뚫 뚬 뚭 뚮 뚯 뚰 뚱 뚲 뚳 뚴 뚵 뚶 뚷 뚸 뚹 뚺 뚻 뚼 뚽 뚾 뚿 뛀 뛁 뛂 뛃 뛄 뛅 뛆 뛇 뛈 뛉 뛊 뛋 뛌 뛍 뛎 뛏 뛐 뛑 뛒 뛓 뛔 뛕 뛖 뛗 뛘 뛙 뛚 뛛 뛜 뛝 뛞 뛟 뛠 뛡 뛢 뛣 뛤 뛥 뛦 뛧 뛨 뛩 뛪 뛫 뛬 뛭 뛮 뛯 뛰 뛱 뛲 뛳 뛴 뛵 뛶 뛷 뛸 뛹 뛺 뛻 뛼 뛽 뛾 뛿 뜀 뜁 뜂 뜃 뜄 뜅 뜆 뜇 뜈 뜉 뜊 뜋 뜌 뜍 뜎 뜏 뜐 뜑 뜒 뜓 뜔 뜕 뜖 뜗 뜘 뜙 뜚 뜛 뜜 뜝 뜞 뜟 뜠 뜡 뜢 뜣 뜤 뜥 뜦 뜧 뜨 뜩 뜪 뜫 뜬 뜭 뜮 뜯 뜰 뜱 뜲 뜳 뜴 뜵 뜶 뜷 뜸 뜹 뜺 뜻 뜼 뜽 뜾 뜿 띀 띁 띂 띃 띄 띅 띆 띇 띈 띉 띊 띋 띌 띍 띎 띏 띐 띑 띒 띓 띔 띕 띖 띗 띘 띙 띚 띛 띜 띝 띞 띟 띠 띡 띢 띣 띤 띥 띦 띧 띨 띩 띪 띫 띬 띭 띮 띯 띰 띱 띲 띳 띴 띵 띶 띷 띸 띹 띺 띻 라 락 띾 띿 란 랁 랂 랃 랄 랅 랆 랇 랈 랉 랊 랋 람 랍 랎 랏 랐 랑 랒 랓 랔 랕 랖 랗 래 랙 랚 랛 랜 랝 랞 랟 랠 랡 랢 랣 랤 랥 랦 랧 램 랩
      랪 랫 랬 랭 랮 랯 랰 랱 랲 랳 랴 략 랶 랷 랸 랹 랺 랻 랼 랽 랾 랿 럀 럁 럂 럃 럄 럅 럆 럇 럈 량 럊 럋 럌 럍 럎 럏 럐 럑 럒 럓 럔 럕 럖 럗 럘 럙 럚 럛 럜 럝 럞 럟 럠 럡 럢 럣 럤 럥 럦 럧 럨 럩 럪 럫 러 럭 럮 럯 런 럱 럲 럳 럴 럵 럶 럷 럸 럹 럺 럻 럼 럽 럾 럿 렀 렁 렂 렃 렄 렅 렆 렇 레 렉 렊 렋 렌 렍 렎 렏 렐 렑 렒 렓 렔 렕 렖 렗 렘 렙 렚 렛 렜 렝 렞 렟 렠 렡 렢 렣 려 력 렦 렧 련 렩 렪 렫 렬 렭 렮 렯 렰 렱 렲 렳 렴 렵 렶 렷 렸 령 렺 렻 렼 렽 렾 렿 례 롁 롂 롃 롄 롅 롆 롇 롈 롉 롊 롋 롌 롍 롎 롏 롐 롑 롒 롓 롔 롕 롖 롗 롘 롙 롚 롛 로 록 롞 롟 론 롡 롢 롣 롤 롥 롦 롧 롨 롩 롪 롫 롬 롭 롮 롯 롰 롱 롲 롳 롴 롵 롶 롷 롸 롹 롺 롻 롼 롽 롾 롿 뢀 뢁 뢂 뢃 뢄 뢅 뢆 뢇 뢈 뢉 뢊 뢋 뢌 뢍 뢎 뢏 뢐 뢑 뢒 뢓 뢔 뢕 뢖 뢗 뢘 뢙 뢚 뢛 뢜 뢝 뢞 뢟 뢠 뢡 뢢 뢣 뢤 뢥 뢦 뢧 뢨 뢩 뢪 뢫 뢬 뢭 뢮 뢯 뢰 뢱 뢲 뢳 뢴 뢵 뢶 뢷 뢸 뢹 뢺 뢻 뢼 뢽 뢾 뢿 룀 룁 룂 룃 룄 룅 룆 룇 룈 룉 룊 룋 료 룍 룎 룏 룐 룑 룒 룓 룔 룕 룖 룗 룘 룙 룚 룛 룜 룝 룞 룟 룠 룡 룢 룣 룤 룥 룦 룧 루 룩 룪 룫 룬 룭 룮 룯 룰 룱 룲 룳 룴 룵 룶 룷 룸 룹 룺 룻 룼 룽 룾 룿 뤀 뤁 뤂 뤃 뤄 뤅 뤆 뤇 뤈 뤉 뤊 뤋 뤌 뤍 뤎 뤏 뤐 뤑 뤒 뤓 뤔 뤕 뤖 뤗 뤘 뤙 뤚 뤛 뤜 뤝 뤞 뤟 뤠 뤡 뤢 뤣 뤤 뤥 뤦 뤧 뤨 뤩 뤪 뤫 뤬 뤭 뤮 뤯 뤰 뤱 뤲 뤳 뤴 뤵 뤶 뤷 뤸 뤹 뤺 뤻 뤼 뤽 뤾 뤿 륀 륁 륂 륃 륄 륅 륆 륇 륈 륉 륊 륋 륌 륍 륎 륏 륐 륑 륒 륓 륔 륕 륖 륗 류 륙 륚 륛 륜 륝 륞 륟 률 륡 륢 륣 륤 륥 륦 륧 륨 륩 륪 륫 륬 륭 륮 륯 륰 륱 륲 륳 르 륵 륶 륷 른 륹 륺 륻 를 륽 륾 륿 릀 릁 릂 릃 름 릅 릆 릇 릈 릉 릊 릋 릌 릍 릎 릏 릐 릑 릒 릓 릔 릕 릖 릗 릘 릙 릚 릛
      릜 릝 릞 릟 릠 릡 릢 릣 릤 릥 릦 릧 릨 릩 릪 릫 리 릭 릮 릯 린 릱 릲 릳 릴 릵 릶 릷 릸 릹 릺 릻 림 립 릾 릿 맀 링 맂 맃 맄 맅 맆 맇 마 막 맊 맋 만 맍 많 맏 말 맑 맒 맓 맔 맕 맖 맗 맘 맙 맚 맛 맜 망 맞 맟 맠 맡 맢 맣 매 맥 맦 맧 맨 맩 맪 맫 맬 맭 맮 맯 맰 맱 맲 맳 맴 맵 맶 맷 맸 맹 맺 맻 맼 맽 맾 맿 먀 먁 먂 먃 먄 먅 먆 먇 먈 먉 먊 먋 먌 먍 먎 먏 먐 먑 먒 먓 먔 먕 먖 먗 먘 먙 먚 먛 먜 먝 먞 먟 먠 먡 먢 먣 먤 먥 먦 먧 먨 먩 먪 먫 먬 먭 먮 먯 먰 먱 먲 먳 먴 먵 먶 먷 머 먹 먺 먻 먼 먽 먾 먿 멀 멁 멂 멃 멄 멅 멆 멇 멈 멉 멊 멋 멌 멍 멎 멏 멐 멑 멒 멓 메 멕 멖 멗 멘 멙 멚 멛 멜 멝 멞 멟 멠 멡 멢 멣 멤 멥 멦 멧 멨 멩 멪 멫 멬 멭 멮 멯 며 멱 멲 멳 면 멵 멶 멷 멸 멹 멺 멻 멼 멽 멾 멿 몀 몁 몂 몃 몄 명 몆 몇 몈 몉 몊 몋 몌 몍 몎 몏 몐 몑 몒 몓 몔 몕 몖 몗 몘 몙 몚 몛 몜 몝 몞 몟 몠 몡 몢 몣 몤 몥 몦 몧 모 목 몪 몫 몬 몭 몮 몯 몰 몱 몲 몳 몴 몵 몶 몷 몸 몹 몺 못 몼 몽 몾 몿 뫀 뫁 뫂 뫃 뫄 뫅 뫆 뫇 뫈 뫉 뫊 뫋 뫌 뫍 뫎 뫏 뫐 뫑 뫒 뫓 뫔 뫕 뫖 뫗 뫘 뫙 뫚 뫛 뫜 뫝 뫞 뫟 뫠 뫡 뫢 뫣 뫤 뫥 뫦 뫧 뫨 뫩 뫪 뫫 뫬 뫭 뫮 뫯 뫰 뫱 뫲 뫳 뫴 뫵 뫶 뫷 뫸 뫹 뫺 뫻 뫼 뫽 뫾 뫿 묀 묁 묂 묃 묄 묅 묆 묇 묈 묉 묊 묋 묌 묍 묎 묏 묐 묑 묒 묓 묔 묕 묖 묗 묘 묙 묚 묛 묜 묝 묞 묟 묠 묡 묢 묣 묤 묥 묦 묧 묨 묩 묪 묫 묬 묭 묮 묯 묰 묱 묲 묳 무 묵 묶 묷 문 묹 묺 묻 물 묽 묾 묿 뭀 뭁 뭂 뭃 뭄 뭅 뭆 뭇 뭈 뭉 뭊 뭋 뭌 뭍 뭎 뭏 뭐 뭑 뭒 뭓 뭔 뭕 뭖 뭗 뭘 뭙 뭚 뭛 뭜 뭝 뭞 뭟 뭠 뭡 뭢 뭣 뭤 뭥 뭦 뭧 뭨 뭩 뭪 뭫 뭬 뭭 뭮 뭯 뭰 뭱 뭲 뭳 뭴 뭵 뭶 뭷 뭸 뭹 뭺 뭻 뭼 뭽 뭾 뭿 뮀 뮁 뮂 뮃 뮄 뮅 뮆 뮇 뮈 뮉 뮊 뮋 뮌 뮍
      뮎 뮏 뮐 뮑 뮒 뮓 뮔 뮕 뮖 뮗 뮘 뮙 뮚 뮛 뮜 뮝 뮞 뮟 뮠 뮡 뮢 뮣 뮤 뮥 뮦 뮧 뮨 뮩 뮪 뮫 뮬 뮭 뮮 뮯 뮰 뮱 뮲 뮳 뮴 뮵 뮶 뮷 뮸 뮹 뮺 뮻 뮼 뮽 뮾 뮿 므 믁 믂 믃 믄 믅 믆 믇 믈 믉 믊 믋 믌 믍 믎 믏 믐 믑 믒 믓 믔 믕 믖 믗 믘 믙 믚 믛 믜 믝 믞 믟 믠 믡 믢 믣 믤 믥 믦 믧 믨 믩 믪 믫 믬 믭 믮 믯 믰 믱 믲 믳 믴 믵 믶 믷 미 믹 믺 믻 민 믽 믾 믿 밀 밁 밂 밃 밄 밅 밆 밇 밈 밉 밊 밋 밌 밍 밎 및 밐 밑 밒 밓 바 박 밖 밗 반 밙 밚 받 발 밝 밞 밟 밠 밡 밢 밣 밤 밥 밦 밧 밨 방 밪 밫 밬 밭 밮 밯 배 백 밲 밳 밴 밵 밶 밷 밸 밹 밺 밻 밼 밽 밾 밿 뱀 뱁 뱂 뱃 뱄 뱅 뱆 뱇 뱈 뱉 뱊 뱋 뱌 뱍 뱎 뱏 뱐 뱑 뱒 뱓 뱔 뱕 뱖 뱗 뱘 뱙 뱚 뱛 뱜 뱝 뱞 뱟 뱠 뱡 뱢 뱣 뱤 뱥 뱦 뱧 뱨 뱩 뱪 뱫 뱬 뱭 뱮 뱯 뱰 뱱 뱲 뱳 뱴 뱵 뱶 뱷 뱸 뱹 뱺 뱻 뱼 뱽 뱾 뱿 벀 벁 벂 벃 버 벅 벆 벇 번 벉 벊 벋 벌 벍 벎 벏 벐 벑 벒 벓 범 법 벖 벗 벘 벙 벚 벛 벜 벝 벞 벟 베 벡 벢 벣 벤 벥 벦 벧 벨 벩 벪 벫 벬 벭 벮 벯 벰 벱 벲 벳 벴 벵 벶 벷 벸 벹 벺 벻 벼 벽 벾 벿 변 볁 볂 볃 별 볅 볆 볇 볈 볉 볊 볋 볌 볍 볎 볏 볐 병 볒 볓 볔 볕 볖 볗 볘 볙 볚 볛 볜 볝 볞 볟 볠 볡 볢 볣 볤 볥 볦 볧 볨 볩 볪 볫 볬 볭 볮 볯 볰 볱 볲 볳 보 복 볶 볷 본 볹 볺 볻 볼 볽 볾 볿 봀 봁 봂 봃 봄 봅 봆 봇 봈 봉 봊 봋 봌 봍 봎 봏 봐 봑 봒 봓 봔 봕 봖 봗 봘 봙 봚 봛 봜 봝 봞 봟 봠 봡 봢 봣 봤 봥 봦 봧 봨 봩 봪 봫 봬 봭 봮 봯 봰 봱 봲 봳 봴 봵 봶 봷 봸 봹 봺 봻 봼 봽 봾 봿 뵀 뵁 뵂 뵃 뵄 뵅 뵆 뵇 뵈 뵉 뵊 뵋 뵌 뵍 뵎 뵏 뵐 뵑 뵒 뵓 뵔 뵕 뵖 뵗 뵘 뵙 뵚 뵛 뵜 뵝 뵞 뵟 뵠 뵡 뵢 뵣 뵤 뵥 뵦 뵧 뵨 뵩 뵪 뵫 뵬 뵭 뵮 뵯 뵰 뵱 뵲 뵳 뵴 뵵 뵶 뵷 뵸 뵹 뵺 뵻 뵼 뵽 뵾 뵿
      부 북 붂 붃 분 붅 붆 붇 불 붉 붊 붋 붌 붍 붎 붏 붐 붑 붒 붓 붔 붕 붖 붗 붘 붙 붚 붛 붜 붝 붞 붟 붠 붡 붢 붣 붤 붥 붦 붧 붨 붩 붪 붫 붬 붭 붮 붯 붰 붱 붲 붳 붴 붵 붶 붷 붸 붹 붺 붻 붼 붽 붾 붿 뷀 뷁 뷂 뷃 뷄 뷅 뷆 뷇 뷈 뷉 뷊 뷋 뷌 뷍 뷎 뷏 뷐 뷑 뷒 뷓 뷔 뷕 뷖 뷗 뷘 뷙 뷚 뷛 뷜 뷝 뷞 뷟 뷠 뷡 뷢 뷣 뷤 뷥 뷦 뷧 뷨 뷩 뷪 뷫 뷬 뷭 뷮 뷯 뷰 뷱 뷲 뷳 뷴 뷵 뷶 뷷 뷸 뷹 뷺 뷻 뷼 뷽 뷾 뷿 븀 븁 븂 븃 븄 븅 븆 븇 븈 븉 븊 븋 브 븍 븎 븏 븐 븑 븒 븓 블 븕 븖 븗 븘 븙 븚 븛 븜 븝 븞 븟 븠 븡 븢 븣 븤 븥 븦 븧 븨 븩 븪 븫 븬 븭 븮 븯 븰 븱 븲 븳 븴 븵 븶 븷 븸 븹 븺 븻 븼 븽 븾 븿 빀 빁 빂 빃 비 빅 빆 빇 빈 빉 빊 빋 빌 빍 빎 빏 빐 빑 빒 빓 빔 빕 빖 빗 빘 빙 빚 빛 빜 빝 빞 빟 빠 빡 빢 빣 빤 빥 빦 빧 빨 빩 빪 빫 빬 빭 빮 빯 빰 빱 빲 빳 빴 빵 빶 빷 빸 빹 빺 빻 빼 빽 빾 빿 뺀 뺁 뺂 뺃 뺄 뺅 뺆 뺇 뺈 뺉 뺊 뺋 뺌 뺍 뺎 뺏 뺐 뺑 뺒 뺓 뺔 뺕 뺖 뺗 뺘 뺙 뺚 뺛 뺜 뺝 뺞 뺟 뺠 뺡 뺢 뺣 뺤 뺥 뺦 뺧 뺨 뺩 뺪 뺫 뺬 뺭 뺮 뺯 뺰 뺱 뺲 뺳 뺴 뺵 뺶 뺷 뺸 뺹 뺺 뺻 뺼 뺽 뺾 뺿 뻀 뻁 뻂 뻃 뻄 뻅 뻆 뻇 뻈 뻉 뻊 뻋 뻌 뻍 뻎 뻏 뻐 뻑 뻒 뻓 뻔 뻕 뻖 뻗 뻘 뻙 뻚 뻛 뻜 뻝 뻞 뻟 뻠 뻡 뻢 뻣 뻤 뻥 뻦 뻧 뻨 뻩 뻪 뻫 뻬 뻭 뻮 뻯 뻰 뻱 뻲 뻳 뻴 뻵 뻶 뻷 뻸 뻹 뻺 뻻 뻼 뻽 뻾 뻿 뼀 뼁 뼂 뼃 뼄 뼅 뼆 뼇 뼈 뼉 뼊 뼋 뼌 뼍 뼎 뼏 뼐 뼑 뼒 뼓 뼔 뼕 뼖 뼗 뼘 뼙 뼚 뼛 뼜 뼝 뼞 뼟 뼠 뼡 뼢 뼣 뼤 뼥 뼦 뼧 뼨 뼩 뼪 뼫 뼬 뼭 뼮 뼯 뼰 뼱 뼲 뼳 뼴 뼵 뼶 뼷 뼸 뼹 뼺 뼻 뼼 뼽 뼾 뼿 뽀 뽁 뽂 뽃 뽄 뽅 뽆 뽇 뽈 뽉 뽊 뽋 뽌 뽍 뽎 뽏 뽐 뽑 뽒 뽓 뽔 뽕 뽖 뽗 뽘 뽙 뽚 뽛 뽜 뽝 뽞 뽟 뽠 뽡 뽢 뽣 뽤 뽥 뽦 뽧 뽨 뽩 뽪 뽫 뽬 뽭 뽮 뽯 뽰 뽱
      뽲 뽳 뽴 뽵 뽶 뽷 뽸 뽹 뽺 뽻 뽼 뽽 뽾 뽿 뾀 뾁 뾂 뾃 뾄 뾅 뾆 뾇 뾈 뾉 뾊 뾋 뾌 뾍 뾎 뾏 뾐 뾑 뾒 뾓 뾔 뾕 뾖 뾗 뾘 뾙 뾚 뾛 뾜 뾝 뾞 뾟 뾠 뾡 뾢 뾣 뾤 뾥 뾦 뾧 뾨 뾩 뾪 뾫 뾬 뾭 뾮 뾯 뾰 뾱 뾲 뾳 뾴 뾵 뾶 뾷 뾸 뾹 뾺 뾻 뾼 뾽 뾾 뾿 뿀 뿁 뿂 뿃 뿄 뿅 뿆 뿇 뿈 뿉 뿊 뿋 뿌 뿍 뿎 뿏 뿐 뿑 뿒 뿓 뿔 뿕 뿖 뿗 뿘 뿙 뿚 뿛 뿜 뿝 뿞 뿟 뿠 뿡 뿢 뿣 뿤 뿥 뿦 뿧 뿨 뿩 뿪 뿫 뿬 뿭 뿮 뿯 뿰 뿱 뿲 뿳 뿴 뿵 뿶 뿷 뿸 뿹 뿺 뿻 뿼 뿽 뿾 뿿 쀀 쀁 쀂 쀃 쀄 쀅 쀆 쀇 쀈 쀉 쀊 쀋 쀌 쀍 쀎 쀏 쀐 쀑 쀒 쀓 쀔 쀕 쀖 쀗 쀘 쀙 쀚 쀛 쀜 쀝 쀞 쀟 쀠 쀡 쀢 쀣 쀤 쀥 쀦 쀧 쀨 쀩 쀪 쀫 쀬 쀭 쀮 쀯 쀰 쀱 쀲 쀳 쀴 쀵 쀶 쀷 쀸 쀹 쀺 쀻 쀼 쀽 쀾 쀿 쁀 쁁 쁂 쁃 쁄 쁅 쁆 쁇 쁈 쁉 쁊 쁋 쁌 쁍 쁎 쁏 쁐 쁑 쁒 쁓 쁔 쁕 쁖 쁗 쁘 쁙 쁚 쁛 쁜 쁝 쁞 쁟 쁠 쁡 쁢 쁣 쁤 쁥 쁦 쁧 쁨 쁩 쁪 쁫 쁬 쁭 쁮 쁯 쁰 쁱 쁲 쁳 쁴 쁵 쁶 쁷 쁸 쁹 쁺 쁻 쁼 쁽 쁾 쁿 삀 삁 삂 삃 삄 삅 삆 삇 삈 삉 삊 삋 삌 삍 삎 삏 삐 삑 삒 삓 삔 삕 삖 삗 삘 삙 삚 삛 삜 삝 삞 삟 삠 삡 삢 삣 삤 삥 삦 삧 삨 삩 삪 삫 사 삭 삮 삯 산 삱 삲 삳 살 삵 삶 삷 삸 삹 삺 삻 삼 삽 삾 삿 샀 상 샂 샃 샄 샅 샆 샇 새 색 샊 샋 샌 샍 샎 샏 샐 샑 샒 샓 샔 샕 샖 샗 샘 샙 샚 샛 샜 생 샞 샟 샠 샡 샢 샣 샤 샥 샦 샧 샨 샩 샪 샫 샬 샭 샮 샯 샰 샱 샲 샳 샴 샵 샶 샷 샸 샹 샺 샻 샼 샽 샾 샿 섀 섁 섂 섃 섄 섅 섆 섇 섈 섉 섊 섋 섌 섍 섎 섏 섐 섑 섒 섓 섔 섕 섖 섗 섘 섙 섚 섛 서 석 섞 섟 선 섡 섢 섣 설 섥 섦 섧 섨 섩 섪 섫 섬 섭 섮 섯 섰 성 섲 섳 섴 섵 섶 섷 세 섹 섺 섻 센 섽 섾 섿 셀 셁 셂 셃 셄 셅 셆 셇 셈 셉 셊 셋 셌 셍 셎 셏 셐 셑 셒 셓 셔 셕 셖 셗 션 셙 셚 셛 셜 셝 셞 셟 셠 셡 셢 셣
      셤 셥 셦 셧 셨 셩 셪 셫 셬 셭 셮 셯 셰 셱 셲 셳 셴 셵 셶 셷 셸 셹 셺 셻 셼 셽 셾 셿 솀 솁 솂 솃 솄 솅 솆 솇 솈 솉 솊 솋 소 속 솎 솏 손 솑 솒 솓 솔 솕 솖 솗 솘 솙 솚 솛 솜 솝 솞 솟 솠 송 솢 솣 솤 솥 솦 솧 솨 솩 솪 솫 솬 솭 솮 솯 솰 솱 솲 솳 솴 솵 솶 솷 솸 솹 솺 솻 솼 솽 솾 솿 쇀 쇁 쇂 쇃 쇄 쇅 쇆 쇇 쇈 쇉 쇊 쇋 쇌 쇍 쇎 쇏 쇐 쇑 쇒 쇓 쇔 쇕 쇖 쇗 쇘 쇙 쇚 쇛 쇜 쇝 쇞 쇟 쇠 쇡 쇢 쇣 쇤 쇥 쇦 쇧 쇨 쇩 쇪 쇫 쇬 쇭 쇮 쇯 쇰 쇱 쇲 쇳 쇴 쇵 쇶 쇷 쇸 쇹 쇺 쇻 쇼 쇽 쇾 쇿 숀 숁 숂 숃 숄 숅 숆 숇 숈 숉 숊 숋 숌 숍 숎 숏 숐 숑 숒 숓 숔 숕 숖 숗 수 숙 숚 숛 순 숝 숞 숟 술 숡 숢 숣 숤 숥 숦 숧 숨 숩 숪 숫 숬 숭 숮 숯 숰 숱 숲 숳 숴 숵 숶 숷 숸 숹 숺 숻 숼 숽 숾 숿 쉀 쉁 쉂 쉃 쉄 쉅 쉆 쉇 쉈 쉉 쉊 쉋 쉌 쉍 쉎 쉏 쉐 쉑 쉒 쉓 쉔 쉕 쉖 쉗 쉘 쉙 쉚 쉛 쉜 쉝 쉞 쉟 쉠 쉡 쉢 쉣 쉤 쉥 쉦 쉧 쉨 쉩 쉪 쉫 쉬 쉭 쉮 쉯 쉰 쉱 쉲 쉳 쉴 쉵 쉶 쉷 쉸 쉹 쉺 쉻 쉼 쉽 쉾 쉿 슀 슁 슂 슃 슄 슅 슆 슇 슈 슉 슊 슋 슌 슍 슎 슏 슐 슑 슒 슓 슔 슕 슖 슗 슘 슙 슚 슛 슜 슝 슞 슟 슠 슡 슢 슣 스 슥 슦 슧 슨 슩 슪 슫 슬 슭 슮 슯 슰 슱 슲 슳 슴 습 슶 슷 슸 승 슺 슻 슼 슽 슾 슿 싀 싁 싂 싃 싄 싅 싆 싇 싈 싉 싊 싋 싌 싍 싎 싏 싐 싑 싒 싓 싔 싕 싖 싗 싘 싙 싚 싛 시 식 싞 싟 신 싡 싢 싣 실 싥 싦 싧 싨 싩 싪 싫 심 십 싮 싯 싰 싱 싲 싳 싴 싵 싶 싷 싸 싹 싺 싻 싼 싽 싾 싿 쌀 쌁 쌂 쌃 쌄 쌅 쌆 쌇 쌈 쌉 쌊 쌋 쌌 쌍 쌎 쌏 쌐 쌑 쌒 쌓 쌔 쌕 쌖 쌗 쌘 쌙 쌚 쌛 쌜 쌝 쌞 쌟 쌠 쌡 쌢 쌣 쌤 쌥 쌦 쌧 쌨 쌩 쌪 쌫 쌬 쌭 쌮 쌯 쌰 쌱 쌲 쌳 쌴 쌵 쌶 쌷 쌸 쌹 쌺 쌻 쌼 쌽 쌾 쌿 썀 썁 썂 썃 썄 썅 썆 썇 썈 썉 썊 썋 썌 썍 썎 썏 썐 썑 썒 썓 썔 썕
      썖 썗 썘 썙 썚 썛 썜 썝 썞 썟 썠 썡 썢 썣 썤 썥 썦 썧 써 썩 썪 썫 썬 썭 썮 썯 썰 썱 썲 썳 썴 썵 썶 썷 썸 썹 썺 썻 썼 썽 썾 썿 쎀 쎁 쎂 쎃 쎄 쎅 쎆 쎇 쎈 쎉 쎊 쎋 쎌 쎍 쎎 쎏 쎐 쎑 쎒 쎓 쎔 쎕 쎖 쎗 쎘 쎙 쎚 쎛 쎜 쎝 쎞 쎟 쎠 쎡 쎢 쎣 쎤 쎥 쎦 쎧 쎨 쎩 쎪 쎫 쎬 쎭 쎮 쎯 쎰 쎱 쎲 쎳 쎴 쎵 쎶 쎷 쎸 쎹 쎺 쎻 쎼 쎽 쎾 쎿 쏀 쏁 쏂 쏃 쏄 쏅 쏆 쏇 쏈 쏉 쏊 쏋 쏌 쏍 쏎 쏏 쏐 쏑 쏒 쏓 쏔 쏕 쏖 쏗 쏘 쏙 쏚 쏛 쏜 쏝 쏞 쏟 쏠 쏡 쏢 쏣 쏤 쏥 쏦 쏧 쏨 쏩 쏪 쏫 쏬 쏭 쏮 쏯 쏰 쏱 쏲 쏳 쏴 쏵 쏶 쏷 쏸 쏹 쏺 쏻 쏼 쏽 쏾 쏿 쐀 쐁 쐂 쐃 쐄 쐅 쐆 쐇 쐈 쐉 쐊 쐋 쐌 쐍 쐎 쐏 쐐 쐑 쐒 쐓 쐔 쐕 쐖 쐗 쐘 쐙 쐚 쐛 쐜 쐝 쐞 쐟 쐠 쐡 쐢 쐣 쐤 쐥 쐦 쐧 쐨 쐩 쐪 쐫 쐬 쐭 쐮 쐯 쐰 쐱 쐲 쐳 쐴 쐵 쐶 쐷 쐸 쐹 쐺 쐻 쐼 쐽 쐾 쐿 쑀 쑁 쑂 쑃 쑄 쑅 쑆 쑇 쑈 쑉 쑊 쑋 쑌 쑍 쑎 쑏 쑐 쑑 쑒 쑓 쑔 쑕 쑖 쑗 쑘 쑙 쑚 쑛 쑜 쑝 쑞 쑟 쑠 쑡 쑢 쑣 쑤 쑥 쑦 쑧 쑨 쑩 쑪 쑫 쑬 쑭 쑮 쑯 쑰 쑱 쑲 쑳 쑴 쑵 쑶 쑷 쑸 쑹 쑺 쑻 쑼 쑽 쑾 쑿 쒀 쒁 쒂 쒃 쒄 쒅 쒆 쒇 쒈 쒉 쒊 쒋 쒌 쒍 쒎 쒏 쒐 쒑 쒒 쒓 쒔 쒕 쒖 쒗 쒘 쒙 쒚 쒛 쒜 쒝 쒞 쒟 쒠 쒡 쒢 쒣 쒤 쒥 쒦 쒧 쒨 쒩 쒪 쒫 쒬 쒭 쒮 쒯 쒰 쒱 쒲 쒳 쒴 쒵 쒶 쒷 쒸 쒹 쒺 쒻 쒼 쒽 쒾 쒿 쓀 쓁 쓂 쓃 쓄 쓅 쓆 쓇 쓈 쓉 쓊 쓋 쓌 쓍 쓎 쓏 쓐 쓑 쓒 쓓 쓔 쓕 쓖 쓗 쓘 쓙 쓚 쓛 쓜 쓝 쓞 쓟 쓠 쓡 쓢 쓣 쓤 쓥 쓦 쓧 쓨 쓩 쓪 쓫 쓬 쓭 쓮 쓯 쓰 쓱 쓲 쓳 쓴 쓵 쓶 쓷 쓸 쓹 쓺 쓻 쓼 쓽 쓾 쓿 씀 씁 씂 씃 씄 씅 씆 씇 씈 씉 씊 씋 씌 씍 씎 씏 씐 씑 씒 씓 씔 씕 씖 씗 씘 씙 씚 씛 씜 씝 씞 씟 씠 씡 씢 씣 씤 씥 씦 씧 씨 씩 씪 씫 씬 씭 씮 씯 씰 씱 씲 씳 씴 씵 씶 씷 씸 씹 씺 씻 씼 씽 씾 씿 앀 앁 앂 앃 아 악 앆 앇
      안 앉 않 앋 알 앍 앎 앏 앐 앑 앒 앓 암 압 앖 앗 았 앙 앚 앛 앜 앝 앞 앟 애 액 앢 앣 앤 앥 앦 앧 앨 앩 앪 앫 앬 앭 앮 앯 앰 앱 앲 앳 앴 앵 앶 앷 앸 앹 앺 앻 야 약 앾 앿 얀 얁 얂 얃 얄 얅 얆 얇 얈 얉 얊 얋 얌 얍 얎 얏 얐 양 얒 얓 얔 얕 얖 얗 얘 얙 얚 얛 얜 얝 얞 얟 얠 얡 얢 얣 얤 얥 얦 얧 얨 얩 얪 얫 얬 얭 얮 얯 얰 얱 얲 얳 어 억 얶 얷 언 얹 얺 얻 얼 얽 얾 얿 엀 엁 엂 엃 엄 업 없 엇 었 엉 엊 엋 엌 엍 엎 엏 에 엑 엒 엓 엔 엕 엖 엗 엘 엙 엚 엛 엜 엝 엞 엟 엠 엡 엢 엣 엤 엥 엦 엧 엨 엩 엪 엫 여 역 엮 엯 연 엱 엲 엳 열 엵 엶 엷 엸 엹 엺 엻 염 엽 엾 엿 였 영 옂 옃 옄 옅 옆 옇 예 옉 옊 옋 옌 옍 옎 옏 옐 옑 옒 옓 옔 옕 옖 옗 옘 옙 옚 옛 옜 옝 옞 옟 옠 옡 옢 옣 오 옥 옦 옧 온 옩 옪 옫 올 옭 옮 옯 옰 옱 옲 옳 옴 옵 옶 옷 옸 옹 옺 옻 옼 옽 옾 옿 와 왁 왂 왃 완 왅 왆 왇 왈 왉 왊 왋 왌 왍 왎 왏 왐 왑 왒 왓 왔 왕 왖 왗 왘 왙 왚 왛 왜 왝 왞 왟 왠 왡 왢 왣 왤 왥 왦 왧 왨 왩 왪 왫 왬 왭 왮 왯 왰 왱 왲 왳 왴 왵 왶 왷 외 왹 왺 왻 왼 왽 왾 왿 욀 욁 욂 욃 욄 욅 욆 욇 욈 욉 욊 욋 욌 욍 욎 욏 욐 욑 욒 욓 요 욕 욖 욗 욘 욙 욚 욛 욜 욝 욞 욟 욠 욡 욢 욣 욤 욥 욦 욧 욨 용 욪 욫 욬 욭 욮 욯 우 욱 욲 욳 운 욵 욶 욷 울 욹 욺 욻 욼 욽 욾 욿 움 웁 웂 웃 웄 웅 웆 웇 웈 웉 웊 웋 워 웍 웎 웏 원 웑 웒 웓 월 웕 웖 웗 웘 웙 웚 웛 웜 웝 웞 웟 웠 웡 웢 웣 웤 웥 웦 웧 웨 웩 웪 웫 웬 웭 웮 웯 웰 웱 웲 웳 웴 웵 웶 웷 웸 웹 웺 웻 웼 웽 웾 웿 윀 윁 윂 윃 위 윅 윆 윇 윈 윉 윊 윋 윌 윍 윎 윏 윐 윑 윒 윓 윔 윕 윖 윗 윘 윙 윚 윛 윜 윝 윞 윟 유 육 윢 윣 윤 윥 윦 윧 율 윩 윪 윫 윬 윭 윮 윯 윰 윱 윲 윳 윴 융 윶 윷 윸 윹
      윺 윻 으 윽 윾 윿 은 읁 읂 읃 을 읅 읆 읇 읈 읉 읊 읋 음 읍 읎 읏 읐 응 읒 읓 읔 읕 읖 읗 의 읙 읚 읛 읜 읝 읞 읟 읠 읡 읢 읣 읤 읥 읦 읧 읨 읩 읪 읫 읬 읭 읮 읯 읰 읱 읲 읳 이 익 읶 읷 인 읹 읺 읻 일 읽 읾 읿 잀 잁 잂 잃 임 입 잆 잇 있 잉 잊 잋 잌 잍 잎 잏 자 작 잒 잓 잔 잕 잖 잗 잘 잙 잚 잛 잜 잝 잞 잟 잠 잡 잢 잣 잤 장 잦 잧 잨 잩 잪 잫 재 잭 잮 잯 잰 잱 잲 잳 잴 잵 잶 잷 잸 잹 잺 잻 잼 잽 잾 잿 쟀 쟁 쟂 쟃 쟄 쟅 쟆 쟇 쟈 쟉 쟊 쟋 쟌 쟍 쟎 쟏 쟐 쟑 쟒 쟓 쟔 쟕 쟖 쟗 쟘 쟙 쟚 쟛 쟜 쟝 쟞 쟟 쟠 쟡 쟢 쟣 쟤 쟥 쟦 쟧 쟨 쟩 쟪 쟫 쟬 쟭 쟮 쟯 쟰 쟱 쟲 쟳 쟴 쟵 쟶 쟷 쟸 쟹 쟺 쟻 쟼 쟽 쟾 쟿 저 적 젂 젃 전 젅 젆 젇 절 젉 젊 젋 젌 젍 젎 젏 점 접 젒 젓 젔 정 젖 젗 젘 젙 젚 젛 제 젝 젞 젟 젠 젡 젢 젣 젤 젥 젦 젧 젨 젩 젪 젫 젬 젭 젮 젯 젰 젱 젲 젳 젴 젵 젶 젷 져 젹 젺 젻 젼 젽 젾 젿 졀 졁 졂 졃 졄 졅 졆 졇 졈 졉 졊 졋 졌 졍 졎 졏 졐 졑 졒 졓 졔 졕 졖 졗 졘 졙 졚 졛 졜 졝 졞 졟 졠 졡 졢 졣 졤 졥 졦 졧 졨 졩 졪 졫 졬 졭 졮 졯 조 족 졲 졳 존 졵 졶 졷 졸 졹 졺 졻 졼 졽 졾 졿 좀 좁 좂 좃 좄 종 좆 좇 좈 좉 좊 좋 좌 좍 좎 좏 좐 좑 좒 좓 좔 좕 좖 좗 좘 좙 좚 좛 좜 좝 좞 좟 좠 좡 좢 좣 좤 좥 좦 좧 좨 좩 좪 좫 좬 좭 좮 좯 좰 좱 좲 좳 좴 좵 좶 좷 좸 좹 좺 좻 좼 좽 좾 좿 죀 죁 죂 죃 죄 죅 죆 죇 죈 죉 죊 죋 죌 죍 죎 죏 죐 죑 죒 죓 죔 죕 죖 죗 죘 죙 죚 죛 죜 죝 죞 죟 죠 죡 죢 죣 죤 죥 죦 죧 죨 죩 죪 죫 죬 죭 죮 죯 죰 죱 죲 죳 죴 죵 죶 죷 죸 죹 죺 죻 주 죽 죾 죿 준 줁 줂 줃 줄 줅 줆 줇 줈 줉 줊 줋 줌 줍 줎 줏 줐 중 줒 줓 줔 줕 줖 줗 줘 줙 줚 줛 줜 줝 줞 줟 줠 줡 줢 줣 줤 줥 줦 줧 줨 줩 줪 줫
      줬 줭 줮 줯 줰 줱 줲 줳 줴 줵 줶 줷 줸 줹 줺 줻 줼 줽 줾 줿 쥀 쥁 쥂 쥃 쥄 쥅 쥆 쥇 쥈 쥉 쥊 쥋 쥌 쥍 쥎 쥏 쥐 쥑 쥒 쥓 쥔 쥕 쥖 쥗 쥘 쥙 쥚 쥛 쥜 쥝 쥞 쥟 쥠 쥡 쥢 쥣 쥤 쥥 쥦 쥧 쥨 쥩 쥪 쥫 쥬 쥭 쥮 쥯 쥰 쥱 쥲 쥳 쥴 쥵 쥶 쥷 쥸 쥹 쥺 쥻 쥼 쥽 쥾 쥿 즀 즁 즂 즃 즄 즅 즆 즇 즈 즉 즊 즋 즌 즍 즎 즏 즐 즑 즒 즓 즔 즕 즖 즗 즘 즙 즚 즛 즜 증 즞 즟 즠 즡 즢 즣 즤 즥 즦 즧 즨 즩 즪 즫 즬 즭 즮 즯 즰 즱 즲 즳 즴 즵 즶 즷 즸 즹 즺 즻 즼 즽 즾 즿 지 직 짂 짃 진 짅 짆 짇 질 짉 짊 짋 짌 짍 짎 짏 짐 집 짒 짓 짔 징 짖 짗 짘 짙 짚 짛 짜 짝 짞 짟 짠 짡 짢 짣 짤 짥 짦 짧 짨 짩 짪 짫 짬 짭 짮 짯 짰 짱 짲 짳 짴 짵 짶 짷 째 짹 짺 짻 짼 짽 짾 짿 쨀 쨁 쨂 쨃 쨄 쨅 쨆 쨇 쨈 쨉 쨊 쨋 쨌 쨍 쨎 쨏 쨐 쨑 쨒 쨓 쨔 쨕 쨖 쨗 쨘 쨙 쨚 쨛 쨜 쨝 쨞 쨟 쨠 쨡 쨢 쨣 쨤 쨥 쨦 쨧 쨨 쨩 쨪 쨫 쨬 쨭 쨮 쨯 쨰 쨱 쨲 쨳 쨴 쨵 쨶 쨷 쨸 쨹 쨺 쨻 쨼 쨽 쨾 쨿 쩀 쩁 쩂 쩃 쩄 쩅 쩆 쩇 쩈 쩉 쩊 쩋 쩌 쩍 쩎 쩏 쩐 쩑 쩒 쩓 쩔 쩕 쩖 쩗 쩘 쩙 쩚 쩛 쩜 쩝 쩞 쩟 쩠 쩡 쩢 쩣 쩤 쩥 쩦 쩧 쩨 쩩 쩪 쩫 쩬 쩭 쩮 쩯 쩰 쩱 쩲 쩳 쩴 쩵 쩶 쩷 쩸 쩹 쩺 쩻 쩼 쩽 쩾 쩿 쪀 쪁 쪂 쪃 쪄 쪅 쪆 쪇 쪈 쪉 쪊 쪋 쪌 쪍 쪎 쪏 쪐 쪑 쪒 쪓 쪔 쪕 쪖 쪗 쪘 쪙 쪚 쪛 쪜 쪝 쪞 쪟 쪠 쪡 쪢 쪣 쪤 쪥 쪦 쪧 쪨 쪩 쪪 쪫 쪬 쪭 쪮 쪯 쪰 쪱 쪲 쪳 쪴 쪵 쪶 쪷 쪸 쪹 쪺 쪻 쪼 쪽 쪾 쪿 쫀 쫁 쫂 쫃 쫄 쫅 쫆 쫇 쫈 쫉 쫊 쫋 쫌 쫍 쫎 쫏 쫐 쫑 쫒 쫓 쫔 쫕 쫖 쫗 쫘 쫙 쫚 쫛 쫜 쫝 쫞 쫟 쫠 쫡 쫢 쫣 쫤 쫥 쫦 쫧 쫨 쫩 쫪 쫫 쫬 쫭 쫮 쫯 쫰 쫱 쫲 쫳 쫴 쫵 쫶 쫷 쫸 쫹 쫺 쫻 쫼 쫽 쫾 쫿 쬀 쬁 쬂 쬃 쬄 쬅 쬆 쬇 쬈 쬉 쬊 쬋 쬌 쬍 쬎 쬏 쬐 쬑 쬒 쬓 쬔 쬕 쬖 쬗 쬘 쬙 쬚 쬛 쬜 쬝
      쬞 쬟 쬠 쬡 쬢 쬣 쬤 쬥 쬦 쬧 쬨 쬩 쬪 쬫 쬬 쬭 쬮 쬯 쬰 쬱 쬲 쬳 쬴 쬵 쬶 쬷 쬸 쬹 쬺 쬻 쬼 쬽 쬾 쬿 쭀 쭁 쭂 쭃 쭄 쭅 쭆 쭇 쭈 쭉 쭊 쭋 쭌 쭍 쭎 쭏 쭐 쭑 쭒 쭓 쭔 쭕 쭖 쭗 쭘 쭙 쭚 쭛 쭜 쭝 쭞 쭟 쭠 쭡 쭢 쭣 쭤 쭥 쭦 쭧 쭨 쭩 쭪 쭫 쭬 쭭 쭮 쭯 쭰 쭱 쭲 쭳 쭴 쭵 쭶 쭷 쭸 쭹 쭺 쭻 쭼 쭽 쭾 쭿 쮀 쮁 쮂 쮃 쮄 쮅 쮆 쮇 쮈 쮉 쮊 쮋 쮌 쮍 쮎 쮏 쮐 쮑 쮒 쮓 쮔 쮕 쮖 쮗 쮘 쮙 쮚 쮛 쮜 쮝 쮞 쮟 쮠 쮡 쮢 쮣 쮤 쮥 쮦 쮧 쮨 쮩 쮪 쮫 쮬 쮭 쮮 쮯 쮰 쮱 쮲 쮳 쮴 쮵 쮶 쮷 쮸 쮹 쮺 쮻 쮼 쮽 쮾 쮿 쯀 쯁 쯂 쯃 쯄 쯅 쯆 쯇 쯈 쯉 쯊 쯋 쯌 쯍 쯎 쯏 쯐 쯑 쯒 쯓 쯔 쯕 쯖 쯗 쯘 쯙 쯚 쯛 쯜 쯝 쯞 쯟 쯠 쯡 쯢 쯣 쯤 쯥 쯦 쯧 쯨 쯩 쯪 쯫 쯬 쯭 쯮 쯯 쯰 쯱 쯲 쯳 쯴 쯵 쯶 쯷 쯸 쯹 쯺 쯻 쯼 쯽 쯾 쯿 찀 찁 찂 찃 찄 찅 찆 찇 찈 찉 찊 찋 찌 찍 찎 찏 찐 찑 찒 찓 찔 찕 찖 찗 찘 찙 찚 찛 찜 찝 찞 찟 찠 찡 찢 찣 찤 찥 찦 찧 차 착 찪 찫 찬 찭 찮 찯 찰 찱 찲 찳 찴 찵 찶 찷 참 찹 찺 찻 찼 창 찾 찿 챀 챁 챂 챃 채 책 챆 챇 챈 챉 챊 챋 챌 챍 챎 챏 챐 챑 챒 챓 챔 챕 챖 챗 챘 챙 챚 챛 챜 챝 챞 챟 챠 챡 챢 챣 챤 챥 챦 챧 챨 챩 챪 챫 챬 챭 챮 챯 챰 챱 챲 챳 챴 챵 챶 챷 챸 챹 챺 챻 챼 챽 챾 챿 첀 첁 첂 첃 첄 첅 첆 첇 첈 첉 첊 첋 첌 첍 첎 첏 첐 첑 첒 첓 첔 첕 첖 첗 처 척 첚 첛 천 첝 첞 첟 철 첡 첢 첣 첤 첥 첦 첧 첨 첩 첪 첫 첬 청 첮 첯 첰 첱 첲 첳 체 첵 첶 첷 첸 첹 첺 첻 첼 첽 첾 첿 쳀 쳁 쳂 쳃 쳄 쳅 쳆 쳇 쳈 쳉 쳊 쳋 쳌 쳍 쳎 쳏 쳐 쳑 쳒 쳓 쳔 쳕 쳖 쳗 쳘 쳙 쳚 쳛 쳜 쳝 쳞 쳟 쳠 쳡 쳢 쳣 쳤 쳥 쳦 쳧 쳨 쳩 쳪 쳫 쳬 쳭 쳮 쳯 쳰 쳱 쳲 쳳 쳴 쳵 쳶 쳷 쳸 쳹 쳺 쳻 쳼 쳽 쳾 쳿 촀 촁 촂 촃 촄 촅 촆 촇 초 촉 촊 촋 촌 촍 촎 촏
      촐 촑 촒 촓 촔 촕 촖 촗 촘 촙 촚 촛 촜 총 촞 촟 촠 촡 촢 촣 촤 촥 촦 촧 촨 촩 촪 촫 촬 촭 촮 촯 촰 촱 촲 촳 촴 촵 촶 촷 촸 촹 촺 촻 촼 촽 촾 촿 쵀 쵁 쵂 쵃 쵄 쵅 쵆 쵇 쵈 쵉 쵊 쵋 쵌 쵍 쵎 쵏 쵐 쵑 쵒 쵓 쵔 쵕 쵖 쵗 쵘 쵙 쵚 쵛 최 쵝 쵞 쵟 쵠 쵡 쵢 쵣 쵤 쵥 쵦 쵧 쵨 쵩 쵪 쵫 쵬 쵭 쵮 쵯 쵰 쵱 쵲 쵳 쵴 쵵 쵶 쵷 쵸 쵹 쵺 쵻 쵼 쵽 쵾 쵿 춀 춁 춂 춃 춄 춅 춆 춇 춈 춉 춊 춋 춌 춍 춎 춏 춐 춑 춒 춓 추 축 춖 춗 춘 춙 춚 춛 출 춝 춞 춟 춠 춡 춢 춣 춤 춥 춦 춧 춨 충 춪 춫 춬 춭 춮 춯 춰 춱 춲 춳 춴 춵 춶 춷 춸 춹 춺 춻 춼 춽 춾 춿 췀 췁 췂 췃 췄 췅 췆 췇 췈 췉 췊 췋 췌 췍 췎 췏 췐 췑 췒 췓 췔 췕 췖 췗 췘 췙 췚 췛 췜 췝 췞 췟 췠 췡 췢 췣 췤 췥 췦 췧 취 췩 췪 췫 췬 췭 췮 췯 췰 췱 췲 췳 췴 췵 췶 췷 췸 췹 췺 췻 췼 췽 췾 췿 츀 츁 츂 츃 츄 츅 츆 츇 츈 츉 츊 츋 츌 츍 츎 츏 츐 츑 츒 츓 츔 츕 츖 츗 츘 츙 츚 츛 츜 츝 츞 츟 츠 측 츢 츣 츤 츥 츦 츧 츨 츩 츪 츫 츬 츭 츮 츯 츰 츱 츲 츳 츴 층 츶 츷 츸 츹 츺 츻 츼 츽 츾 츿 칀 칁 칂 칃 칄 칅 칆 칇 칈 칉 칊 칋 칌 칍 칎 칏 칐 칑 칒 칓 칔 칕 칖 칗 치 칙 칚 칛 친 칝 칞 칟 칠 칡 칢 칣 칤 칥 칦 칧 침 칩 칪 칫 칬 칭 칮 칯 칰 칱 칲 칳 카 칵 칶 칷 칸 칹 칺 칻 칼 칽 칾 칿 캀 캁 캂 캃 캄 캅 캆 캇 캈 캉 캊 캋 캌 캍 캎 캏 캐 캑 캒 캓 캔 캕 캖 캗 캘 캙 캚 캛 캜 캝 캞 캟 캠 캡 캢 캣 캤 캥 캦 캧 캨 캩 캪 캫 캬 캭 캮 캯 캰 캱 캲 캳 캴 캵 캶 캷 캸 캹 캺 캻 캼 캽 캾 캿 컀 컁 컂 컃 컄 컅 컆 컇 컈 컉 컊 컋 컌 컍 컎 컏 컐 컑 컒 컓 컔 컕 컖 컗 컘 컙 컚 컛 컜 컝 컞 컟 컠 컡 컢 컣 커 컥 컦 컧 컨 컩 컪 컫 컬 컭 컮 컯 컰 컱 컲 컳 컴 컵 컶 컷 컸 컹 컺 컻 컼 컽 컾 컿 케 켁
      켂 켃 켄 켅 켆 켇 켈 켉 켊 켋 켌 켍 켎 켏 켐 켑 켒 켓 켔 켕 켖 켗 켘 켙 켚 켛 켜 켝 켞 켟 켠 켡 켢 켣 켤 켥 켦 켧 켨 켩 켪 켫 켬 켭 켮 켯 켰 켱 켲 켳 켴 켵 켶 켷 켸 켹 켺 켻 켼 켽 켾 켿 콀 콁 콂 콃 콄 콅 콆 콇 콈 콉 콊 콋 콌 콍 콎 콏 콐 콑 콒 콓 코 콕 콖 콗 콘 콙 콚 콛 콜 콝 콞 콟 콠 콡 콢 콣 콤 콥 콦 콧 콨 콩 콪 콫 콬 콭 콮 콯 콰 콱 콲 콳 콴 콵 콶 콷 콸 콹 콺 콻 콼 콽 콾 콿 쾀 쾁 쾂 쾃 쾄 쾅 쾆 쾇 쾈 쾉 쾊 쾋 쾌 쾍 쾎 쾏 쾐 쾑 쾒 쾓 쾔 쾕 쾖 쾗 쾘 쾙 쾚 쾛 쾜 쾝 쾞 쾟 쾠 쾡 쾢 쾣 쾤 쾥 쾦 쾧 쾨 쾩 쾪 쾫 쾬 쾭 쾮 쾯 쾰 쾱 쾲 쾳 쾴 쾵 쾶 쾷 쾸 쾹 쾺 쾻 쾼 쾽 쾾 쾿 쿀 쿁 쿂 쿃 쿄 쿅 쿆 쿇 쿈 쿉 쿊 쿋 쿌 쿍 쿎 쿏 쿐 쿑 쿒 쿓 쿔 쿕 쿖 쿗 쿘 쿙 쿚 쿛 쿜 쿝 쿞 쿟 쿠 쿡 쿢 쿣 쿤 쿥 쿦 쿧 쿨 쿩 쿪 쿫 쿬 쿭 쿮 쿯 쿰 쿱 쿲 쿳 쿴 쿵 쿶 쿷 쿸 쿹 쿺 쿻 쿼 쿽 쿾 쿿 퀀 퀁 퀂 퀃 퀄 퀅 퀆 퀇 퀈 퀉 퀊 퀋 퀌 퀍 퀎 퀏 퀐 퀑 퀒 퀓 퀔 퀕 퀖 퀗 퀘 퀙 퀚 퀛 퀜 퀝 퀞 퀟 퀠 퀡 퀢 퀣 퀤 퀥 퀦 퀧 퀨 퀩 퀪 퀫 퀬 퀭 퀮 퀯 퀰 퀱 퀲 퀳 퀴 퀵 퀶 퀷 퀸 퀹 퀺 퀻 퀼 퀽 퀾 퀿 큀 큁 큂 큃 큄 큅 큆 큇 큈 큉 큊 큋 큌 큍 큎 큏 큐 큑 큒 큓 큔 큕 큖 큗 큘 큙 큚 큛 큜 큝 큞 큟 큠 큡 큢 큣 큤 큥 큦 큧 큨 큩 큪 큫 크 큭 큮 큯 큰 큱 큲 큳 클 큵 큶 큷 큸 큹 큺 큻 큼 큽 큾 큿 킀 킁 킂 킃 킄 킅 킆 킇 킈 킉 킊 킋 킌 킍 킎 킏 킐 킑 킒 킓 킔 킕 킖 킗 킘 킙 킚 킛 킜 킝 킞 킟 킠 킡 킢 킣 키 킥 킦 킧 킨 킩 킪 킫 킬 킭 킮 킯 킰 킱 킲 킳 킴 킵 킶 킷 킸 킹 킺 킻 킼 킽 킾 킿 타 탁 탂 탃 탄 탅 탆 탇 탈 탉 탊 탋 탌 탍 탎 탏 탐 탑 탒 탓 탔 탕 탖 탗 탘 탙 탚 탛 태 택 탞 탟 탠 탡 탢 탣 탤 탥 탦 탧 탨 탩 탪 탫 탬 탭 탮 탯 탰 탱 탲 탳
      탴 탵 탶 탷 탸 탹 탺 탻 탼 탽 탾 탿 턀 턁 턂 턃 턄 턅 턆 턇 턈 턉 턊 턋 턌 턍 턎 턏 턐 턑 턒 턓 턔 턕 턖 턗 턘 턙 턚 턛 턜 턝 턞 턟 턠 턡 턢 턣 턤 턥 턦 턧 턨 턩 턪 턫 턬 턭 턮 턯 터 턱 턲 턳 턴 턵 턶 턷 털 턹 턺 턻 턼 턽 턾 턿 텀 텁 텂 텃 텄 텅 텆 텇 텈 텉 텊 텋 테 텍 텎 텏 텐 텑 텒 텓 텔 텕 텖 텗 텘 텙 텚 텛 템 텝 텞 텟 텠 텡 텢 텣 텤 텥 텦 텧 텨 텩 텪 텫 텬 텭 텮 텯 텰 텱 텲 텳 텴 텵 텶 텷 텸 텹 텺 텻 텼 텽 텾 텿 톀 톁 톂 톃 톄 톅 톆 톇 톈 톉 톊 톋 톌 톍 톎 톏 톐 톑 톒 톓 톔 톕 톖 톗 톘 톙 톚 톛 톜 톝 톞 톟 토 톡 톢 톣 톤 톥 톦 톧 톨 톩 톪 톫 톬 톭 톮 톯 톰 톱 톲 톳 톴 통 톶 톷 톸 톹 톺 톻 톼 톽 톾 톿 퇀 퇁 퇂 퇃 퇄 퇅 퇆 퇇 퇈 퇉 퇊 퇋 퇌 퇍 퇎 퇏 퇐 퇑 퇒 퇓 퇔 퇕 퇖 퇗 퇘 퇙 퇚 퇛 퇜 퇝 퇞 퇟 퇠 퇡 퇢 퇣 퇤 퇥 퇦 퇧 퇨 퇩 퇪 퇫 퇬 퇭 퇮 퇯 퇰 퇱 퇲 퇳 퇴 퇵 퇶 퇷 퇸 퇹 퇺 퇻 퇼 퇽 퇾 퇿 툀 툁 툂 툃 툄 툅 툆 툇 툈 툉 툊 툋 툌 툍 툎 툏 툐 툑 툒 툓 툔 툕 툖 툗 툘 툙 툚 툛 툜 툝 툞 툟 툠 툡 툢 툣 툤 툥 툦 툧 툨 툩 툪 툫 투 툭 툮 툯 툰 툱 툲 툳 툴 툵 툶 툷 툸 툹 툺 툻 툼 툽 툾 툿 퉀 퉁 퉂 퉃 퉄 퉅 퉆 퉇 퉈 퉉 퉊 퉋 퉌 퉍 퉎 퉏 퉐 퉑 퉒 퉓 퉔 퉕 퉖 퉗 퉘 퉙 퉚 퉛 퉜 퉝 퉞 퉟 퉠 퉡 퉢 퉣 퉤 퉥 퉦 퉧 퉨 퉩 퉪 퉫 퉬 퉭 퉮 퉯 퉰 퉱 퉲 퉳 퉴 퉵 퉶 퉷 퉸 퉹 퉺 퉻 퉼 퉽 퉾 퉿 튀 튁 튂 튃 튄 튅 튆 튇 튈 튉 튊 튋 튌 튍 튎 튏 튐 튑 튒 튓 튔 튕 튖 튗 튘 튙 튚 튛 튜 튝 튞 튟 튠 튡 튢 튣 튤 튥 튦 튧 튨 튩 튪 튫 튬 튭 튮 튯 튰 튱 튲 튳 튴 튵 튶 튷 트 특 튺 튻 튼 튽 튾 튿 틀 틁 틂 틃 틄 틅 틆 틇 틈 틉 틊 틋 틌 틍 틎 틏 틐 틑 틒 틓 틔 틕 틖 틗 틘 틙 틚 틛 틜 틝 틞 틟 틠 틡 틢 틣 틤 틥
      틦 틧 틨 틩 틪 틫 틬 틭 틮 틯 티 틱 틲 틳 틴 틵 틶 틷 틸 틹 틺 틻 틼 틽 틾 틿 팀 팁 팂 팃 팄 팅 팆 팇 팈 팉 팊 팋 파 팍 팎 팏 판 팑 팒 팓 팔 팕 팖 팗 팘 팙 팚 팛 팜 팝 팞 팟 팠 팡 팢 팣 팤 팥 팦 팧 패 팩 팪 팫 팬 팭 팮 팯 팰 팱 팲 팳 팴 팵 팶 팷 팸 팹 팺 팻 팼 팽 팾 팿 퍀 퍁 퍂 퍃 퍄 퍅 퍆 퍇 퍈 퍉 퍊 퍋 퍌 퍍 퍎 퍏 퍐 퍑 퍒 퍓 퍔 퍕 퍖 퍗 퍘 퍙 퍚 퍛 퍜 퍝 퍞 퍟 퍠 퍡 퍢 퍣 퍤 퍥 퍦 퍧 퍨 퍩 퍪 퍫 퍬 퍭 퍮 퍯 퍰 퍱 퍲 퍳 퍴 퍵 퍶 퍷 퍸 퍹 퍺 퍻 퍼 퍽 퍾 퍿 펀 펁 펂 펃 펄 펅 펆 펇 펈 펉 펊 펋 펌 펍 펎 펏 펐 펑 펒 펓 펔 펕 펖 펗 페 펙 펚 펛 펜 펝 펞 펟 펠 펡 펢 펣 펤 펥 펦 펧 펨 펩 펪 펫 펬 펭 펮 펯 펰 펱 펲 펳 펴 펵 펶 펷 편 펹 펺 펻 펼 펽 펾 펿 폀 폁 폂 폃 폄 폅 폆 폇 폈 평 폊 폋 폌 폍 폎 폏 폐 폑 폒 폓 폔 폕 폖 폗 폘 폙 폚 폛 폜 폝 폞 폟 폠 폡 폢 폣 폤 폥 폦 폧 폨 폩 폪 폫 포 폭 폮 폯 폰 폱 폲 폳 폴 폵 폶 폷 폸 폹 폺 폻 폼 폽 폾 폿 퐀 퐁 퐂 퐃 퐄 퐅 퐆 퐇 퐈 퐉 퐊 퐋 퐌 퐍 퐎 퐏 퐐 퐑 퐒 퐓 퐔 퐕 퐖 퐗 퐘 퐙 퐚 퐛 퐜 퐝 퐞 퐟 퐠 퐡 퐢 퐣 퐤 퐥 퐦 퐧 퐨 퐩 퐪 퐫 퐬 퐭 퐮 퐯 퐰 퐱 퐲 퐳 퐴 퐵 퐶 퐷 퐸 퐹 퐺 퐻 퐼 퐽 퐾 퐿 푀 푁 푂 푃 푄 푅 푆 푇 푈 푉 푊 푋 푌 푍 푎 푏 푐 푑 푒 푓 푔 푕 푖 푗 푘 푙 푚 푛 표 푝 푞 푟 푠 푡 푢 푣 푤 푥 푦 푧 푨 푩 푪 푫 푬 푭 푮 푯 푰 푱 푲 푳 푴 푵 푶 푷 푸 푹 푺 푻 푼 푽 푾 푿 풀 풁 풂 풃 풄 풅 풆 풇 품 풉 풊 풋 풌 풍 풎 풏 풐 풑 풒 풓 풔 풕 풖 풗 풘 풙 풚 풛 풜 풝 풞 풟 풠 풡 풢 풣 풤 풥 풦 풧 풨 풩 풪 풫 풬 풭 풮 풯 풰 풱 풲 풳 풴 풵 풶 풷 풸 풹 풺 풻 풼 풽 풾 풿 퓀 퓁 퓂 퓃 퓄 퓅 퓆 퓇 퓈 퓉 퓊 퓋 퓌 퓍 퓎 퓏 퓐 퓑 퓒 퓓 퓔 퓕 퓖 퓗
      퓘 퓙 퓚 퓛 퓜 퓝 퓞 퓟 퓠 퓡 퓢 퓣 퓤 퓥 퓦 퓧 퓨 퓩 퓪 퓫 퓬 퓭 퓮 퓯 퓰 퓱 퓲 퓳 퓴 퓵 퓶 퓷 퓸 퓹 퓺 퓻 퓼 퓽 퓾 퓿 픀 픁 픂 픃 프 픅 픆 픇 픈 픉 픊 픋 플 픍 픎 픏 픐 픑 픒 픓 픔 픕 픖 픗 픘 픙 픚 픛 픜 픝 픞 픟 픠 픡 픢 픣 픤 픥 픦 픧 픨 픩 픪 픫 픬 픭 픮 픯 픰 픱 픲 픳 픴 픵 픶 픷 픸 픹 픺 픻 피 픽 픾 픿 핀 핁 핂 핃 필 핅 핆 핇 핈 핉 핊 핋 핌 핍 핎 핏 핐 핑 핒 핓 핔 핕 핖 핗 하 학 핚 핛 한 핝 핞 핟 할 핡 핢 핣 핤 핥 핦 핧 함 합 핪 핫 핬 항 핮 핯 핰 핱 핲 핳 해 핵 핶 핷 핸 핹 핺 핻 핼 핽 핾 핿 햀 햁 햂 햃 햄 햅 햆 햇 했 행 햊 햋 햌 햍 햎 햏 햐 햑 햒 햓 햔 햕 햖 햗 햘 햙 햚 햛 햜 햝 햞 햟 햠 햡 햢 햣 햤 향 햦 햧 햨 햩 햪 햫 햬 햭 햮 햯 햰 햱 햲 햳 햴 햵 햶 햷 햸 햹 햺 햻 햼 햽 햾 햿 헀 헁 헂 헃 헄 헅 헆 헇 허 헉 헊 헋 헌 헍 헎 헏 헐 헑 헒 헓 헔 헕 헖 헗 험 헙 헚 헛 헜 헝 헞 헟 헠 헡 헢 헣 헤 헥 헦 헧 헨 헩 헪 헫 헬 헭 헮 헯 헰 헱 헲 헳 헴 헵 헶 헷 헸 헹 헺 헻 헼 헽 헾 헿 혀 혁 혂 혃 현 혅 혆 혇 혈 혉 혊 혋 혌 혍 혎 혏 혐 협 혒 혓 혔 형 혖 혗 혘 혙 혚 혛 혜 혝 혞 혟 혠 혡 혢 혣 혤 혥 혦 혧 혨 혩 혪 혫 혬 혭 혮 혯 혰 혱 혲 혳 혴 혵 혶 혷 호 혹 혺 혻 혼 혽 혾 혿 홀 홁 홂 홃 홄 홅 홆 홇 홈 홉 홊 홋 홌 홍 홎 홏 홐 홑 홒 홓 화 확 홖 홗 환 홙 홚 홛 활 홝 홞 홟 홠 홡 홢 홣 홤 홥 홦 홧 홨 황 홪 홫 홬 홭 홮 홯 홰 홱 홲 홳 홴 홵 홶 홷 홸 홹 홺 홻 홼 홽 홾 홿 횀 횁 횂 횃 횄 횅 횆 횇 횈 횉 횊 횋 회 획 횎 횏 횐 횑 횒 횓 횔 횕 횖 횗 횘 횙 횚 횛 횜 횝 횞 횟 횠 횡 횢 횣 횤 횥 횦 횧 효 횩 횪 횫 횬 횭 횮 횯 횰 횱 횲 횳 횴 횵 횶 횷 횸 횹 횺 횻 횼 횽 횾 횿 훀 훁 훂 훃 후 훅 훆 훇 훈 훉
      훊 훋 훌 훍 훎 훏 훐 훑 훒 훓 훔 훕 훖 훗 훘 훙 훚 훛 훜 훝 훞 훟 훠 훡 훢 훣 훤 훥 훦 훧 훨 훩 훪 훫 훬 훭 훮 훯 훰 훱 훲 훳 훴 훵 훶 훷 훸 훹 훺 훻 훼 훽 훾 훿 휀 휁 휂 휃 휄 휅 휆 휇 휈 휉 휊 휋 휌 휍 휎 휏 휐 휑 휒 휓 휔 휕 휖 휗 휘 휙 휚 휛 휜 휝 휞 휟 휠 휡 휢 휣 휤 휥 휦 휧 휨 휩 휪 휫 휬 휭 휮 휯 휰 휱 휲 휳 휴 휵 휶 휷 휸 휹 휺 휻 휼 휽 휾 휿 흀 흁 흂 흃 흄 흅 흆 흇 흈 흉 흊 흋 흌 흍 흎 흏 흐 흑 흒 흓 흔 흕 흖 흗 흘 흙 흚 흛 흜 흝 흞 흟 흠 흡 흢 흣 흤 흥 흦 흧 흨 흩 흪 흫 희 흭 흮 흯 흰 흱 흲 흳 흴 흵 흶 흷 흸 흹 흺 흻 흼 흽 흾 흿 힀 힁 힂 힃 힄 힅 힆 힇 히 힉 힊 힋 힌 힍 힎 힏 힐 힑 힒 힓 힔 힕 힖 힗 힘 힙 힚 힛 힜 힝 힞 힟 힠 힡 힢 힣
    script: Hangul
    status: primary
  - base: 丘 串 乃 久 乖 九 乞 乫 乾 亂 亘 交 京 仇 今 介 件 价 企 伋 伎 伽 佳 佶 侃 來 侊 供 係 俓 俱 個 倞 倦 倨 假 偈 健 傀 傑 傾 僅 僑 價 儆 儉 儺 光 克 兢 內 公 共 其 具 兼 冀 冠 凱 刊 刮 券 刻 剋 剛 劇 劍 劒 功 加 劤 劫 勁 勍 勘 勤 勸 勻 勾 匡 匣 區 南 卦 却 卵 卷 卿 厥 去 及 口 句 叩 叫 可 各 吉 君 告 呱 呵 咎 咬 哥 哭 啓 喀 喇 喝 喫 喬 嗜 嘉 嘔 器 囊 困 固 圈 國 圭 圻 均 坎 坑 坤 坰 坵 垢 基 埼 堀 堅 堈 堪 堺 塊 塏 境 墾 壙 壞 夔 奇 奈 奎 契 奸 妓 妗 姑 姜 姦 娘 娜 嫁 嬌 孔 季 孤 宏 官 客 宮 家 寄 寇 寡 寬 尻 局 居 屆 屈 岐 岡 岬 崎 崑 崗 嵌 嵐 嶇 嶠 工 巧 巨 己 巾 干 幹 幾 庚 庫 康 廊 廐 廓 廣 建 弓 强 彊 徑 忌 急 怪 怯 恐 恝 恪 恭 悸 愆 感 愧 愷 愾 慊 慣 慤 慨 慶 慷 憩 憬 憾 懃 懇 懦 懶 懼 戈 戒 戟 戡 扱 技 抉 拉 拏 拐 拒 拘 括 拮 拱 拳 拷 拿 捏 据 捲 捺 掘 掛 控 揀 揆 揭 擊 擎 擒 據 擧 攪 攷 改 攻 故 敎 救 敢 敬 敲 斛 斤 旗 旣 昆 昑 景 晷 暇 暖 暠 暻 曠 曲 更 曷 朗 朞 期 机 杆 杞 杰 枏 果 枯 架 枸 柑 柩 柬 柯 校 根 格 桀 桂 桔 桿 梏 梗 械 梱 棄 棋 棍 棘 棨 棺 楗 楠 極 槁 構 槐 槨 槪 槻 槿 樂 橄 橋 橘 機 檄 檎 檢 櫃 欄 權 欺 款 歌 歐 歸 殼 毆 毬 氣 求 江 汨 汲 決 汽 沂 沽 洛 洸 浪 涇 淃 淇 減 渠 渴 湳 溝 溪 滑 滾 漑 潔 潰 澗 激 濫 灌 灸 炅 炚 炬 烙 烱 煖 爛 牽 犬 狂 狗 狡 狼 獗 玖 玘 珂 珏 珖 珙 珞 珪 球 琦 琨 琪 琯 琴 瑾 璂 璟 璣 璥 瓊 瓘 瓜 甄 甘 甲 男 畇 界 畸 畺 畿 疆 疥 疳 痂 痙 痼 癎 癩 癸 皆 皎 皐 盖 監 看 眷 睾 瞰 瞼 瞿 矜 矩 矯 硅 硬 碁 碣 磎 磬 磯 磵 祁 祇 祈 祛 祺 禁 禽 科 稈 稼 稽 稿 穀 究 穹 空 窘 窟 窮 窺 竅 竟 竭 競 竿 筋 筐 筠 箇 箕 箝 管 簡 粳 糠
      系 糾 紀 納 紘 級 紺 絅 結 絞 給 絳 絹 絿 經 綱 綺 緊 繫 繭 繼 缺 罐 罫 羅 羈 羌 羔 群 羹 翹 考 耆 耉 耕 耭 耿 肌 肝 股 肩 肯 肱 胛 胱 脚 脛 腔 腱 膈 膏 膠 臘 臼 舅 舊 舡 艮 艱 芎 芥 芩 芹 苛 苟 苦 苽 茄 莖 菅 菊 菌 菓 菫 菰 落 葛 葵 蓋 蕎 蕨 薑 藁 藍 藿 蘭 蘿 虔 蚣 蛟 蝎 螺 蠟 蠱 街 衢 衲 衾 衿 袈 袞 袴 裙 裸 褐 襁 襟 襤 見 規 覡 覲 覺 觀 角 計 記 訣 訶 詭 誇 誡 誥 課 諫 諾 謙 講 謳 謹 譏 警 譴 谷 谿 豈 貢 貫 貴 賈 購 赳 起 跏 距 跨 踞 蹇 蹶 躬 軀 車 軌 軍 軻 較 輕 轎 轟 辜 近 迦 迲 适 逑 逕 逵 過 遣 遽 邏 那 邯 邱 郊 郎 郡 郭 酪 醵 金 鈐 鈞 鉀 鉅 鉗 鉤 銶 鋸 鋼 錡 錤 錦 錮 鍋 鍵 鎌 鎧 鏡 鑑 鑒 鑛 開 間 閘 閣 閨 闕 關 降 階 隔 隙 雇 難 鞏 鞠 鞨 鞫 頃 頸 顆 顧 飢 餃 館 饉 饋 饑 駒 駕 駱 騎 騏 騫 驅 驕 驚 驥 骨 高 鬼 魁 鮫 鯤 鯨 鱇 鳩 鵑 鵠 鷄 鷗 鸞 麒 麴 黔 鼓 龕 龜
    marks: ◌̅
    punctuation: '! " # % & ( ) * - . / : ; ? @ [ \ ] _ ¡ § ¶ · ¿ ‐ — ― ‘ ’ “ ” † ‡ ‥ … ‰ ′ ″ ※ ‾ 、 。 〃 〈 〉 《 》 「 」 『 』 【 】 〔 〕 〜 ・ ！ ＂ ＃ ％ ＆ ＇ （ ） ＊ ， － ． ／ ： ； ？ ＠ ［ ＼ ］ ＿ ｛ ｝'
    script: Hanja
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 77200000
  speakers_date: 2010
  validity: preliminary
kpt:
  name: Karata
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Кӏкӏирлӏи мацӏцӏи
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ӏ Ã Ẽ Õ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ӏ ã ẽ õ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 260
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kpv:
  name: Komi-Zyrian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Коми
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё І Ӧ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё і ӧ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 160000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: draft
kpy:
  name: Koryak
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Нымылг’ын
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӄ Ӈ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӄ ӈ ’
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    note: The sources partially disagree. Wikipedia notes қ ң instead of ӄ ӈ.
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1665
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kqn:
  name: Kaonde
  orthographies:
  - autonym: kiiKaonde
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ O P S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ñ o p s t u v w y z
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 240000
  speakers_date: 1995-2010
  validity: preliminary
kqs:
  name: Northern Kissi
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N O Ɔ P S T U W Y a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n o ɔ p s t u w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 530000
  speakers_date: 1991-1995
  validity: preliminary
krc:
  name: Karachay-Balkar
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Къарачай-Малкъар
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ў а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ў
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 310000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kri:
  name: Krio
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P S T U V W Y Z a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n ŋ o ɔ p s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 500000
  speakers_date: 1993
  validity: preliminary
krl:
  name: Karelian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Karjala
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ö Č Š Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ö č š ž
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 36000
  speakers_date: 1994-2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ksb:
  name: Shambala
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kishambaa
    auxiliary: Q R X q r x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 660000
  speakers_date: 2001
  status: living
  validity: draft
ksf:
  name: Bafia
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Rikpa
    auxiliary: Q X q x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú Ŋ Ǝ Ɔ Ɛ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z á é í ó ú ŋ ǝ ɔ ɛ
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 60000
  speakers_date: 1991
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ksh:
  name: Kölsch
  note: Kölsch is spoken by approximately 25% of the population of Cologne.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kölsch
    auxiliary: À Á Â Ã Ç È É Ê Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Ø Ù Ú Û Ÿ Ā Ă Ē Ĕ Ğ Ī Ĭ Ĳ Ł Ō Ŏ Ū Ŭ ẞ à á â ã ç è é ê ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô ø ù ú û ÿ ā ă ē ĕ ğ ī ĭ ı ĳ ł ō ŏ ū ŭ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Å Æ Ë Ö Ü Ė Œ Ů a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ß ä å æ ë ö ü ė œ ů
    marks: ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̊ ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 250000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ktu:
  name: Kituba (Democratic Republic of Congo)
  note: Used in Democratic Republic of Congo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kikongo ya leta
    inherit: kon
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Kituba (DRC)
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5400000
  speakers_date: 1987-1990
  validity: preliminary
kua:
  name: Kuanyama
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Oshikwanyama
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 670000
  speakers_date: 1993-2006
  status: living
  validity: draft
kum:
  name: Kumyk
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Къумукъ
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 450000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kwi:
  name: Awa-Cuaiquer
  orthographies:
  - base: A Ã C E Ẽ I Ĩ Ɨ J K L M N Ñ P R S T U Ũ V W Y Z a ã c e ẽ i ĩ ɨ j k l m n ñ p r s t u ũ v w y z '
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 13000
  speakers_date: 2008
  validity: preliminary
kwk:
  name: Kwak’wala
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kwak̓wala
    base: A B D E G H I K L M N O P S T U W X Y Z a b d e g h i k l m n o p s t u w x y z ƚ Ǥ ǥ Ƚ ʼ Ḵ ḵ
    marks: ◌̓ ◌̱
    note: Uʼmista orthography
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: liq̓ʷala
    auxiliary: A B C D E G H I K L M N O P Q S T U W X Y Ł Ə Ǧ Λ
    base: a b c d e g h i k l m n o p q s t u w x y ł ƛ ǧ ə ʔ ʷ λ ᶻ
    marks: ◌̓ ◌̱ ◌̌
    note: Capitals may be used in non standard orthography.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - FirstVoices
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 450
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
kyu:
  name: Western Kayah
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Karenni
    base: ꤀ ꤁ ꤂ ꤃ ꤄ ꤅ ꤆ ꤇ ꤈ ꤉ ꤊ ꤋ ꤌ ꤍ ꤎ ꤏ ꤐ ꤑ ꤒ ꤓ ꤔ ꤕ ꤖ ꤗ ꤘ ꤙ ꤚ ꤛ ꤜ ꤝ ꤞ ꤟ ꤠ ꤡ ꤢ ꤣ ꤤ ꤥ ꤮ ꤯
    marks: ◌ꤦ ◌ꤧ ◌ꤨ ◌ꤩ ◌ꤪ ◌꤫ ◌꤬ ◌꤭
    numerals: ꤀ ꤁ ꤂ ꤃ ꤄ ꤅ ꤆ ꤇ ꤈ ꤉
    script: Kayah Li
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
lad:
  name: Ladino
  note: Speaker estimates vary widely.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: djudeo-espanyol
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ג'ודיאו-איספאנייול
    base: א ב ׳ ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ך ל מ ם נ ן ס ע פ ף צ ץ ק ר ש ת
    script: Hebrew
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 400000
  speakers_date: 2017
  validity: preliminary
lag:
  name: Langi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kɨlaangi
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú Ɨ Ʉ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ó ú ɨ ʉ
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 410000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
lao:
  name: Lao
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ພາສາລາວ
    base: ກ ຂ ຄ ງ ຈ ສ ຊ ຍ ດ ຕ ຖ ທ ນ ບ ປ ຜ ຝ ພ ຟ ມ ຢ ຣ ລ ວ ຫ ອ ຮ ະ າ ເ ແ ໂ ໃ ໄ ຽ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and some character combinations (ligatures) have to be resolved to properly represent the language.
    marks: ◌ັ ◌ິ ◌ີ ◌ຶ ◌ື ◌ຸ ◌ູ ◌ົ ◌ຼ ◌່ ◌້ ◌໊ ◌໋ ◌໌ ◌ໍ
    numerals: ໐ ໑ ໒ ໓ ໔ ໕ ໖ ໗ ໘ ໙ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: ຯ ໆ
    script: Lao
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 30000000
  validity: preliminary
lat:
  name: Latin
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Latin
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 0
  status: ancient
  validity: preliminary
lbe:
  name: Lak
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Лак
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 152050
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
lez:
  name: Lezghian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Лезги
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 633610
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
lia:
  name: West-Central Limba
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Hulimba
    auxiliary: Ñ Ɔ ñ ɔ
    base: A B C D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N Ň Ŋ O Ọ P Q R S T U V W Z a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n ň ŋ o ọ p q r s t u v w z
    marks: ◌̌ ◌̣ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 446000
  speakers_date: 1993-2016
  validity: preliminary
lij:
  name: Ligurian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ligure
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Â Ä Æ È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ò Ó Ô Ö Ù Ú a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á â ä æ è é ê ë ì í î ï ò ó ô ö ù ú
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 500000
  speakers_date: 2002
  status: living
  validity: draft
lin:
  name: Lingala
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Lingala
    auxiliary: J Q X j q x
    base: A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z Á Â É Ê Í Î Ó Ô Ú Ě Ǎ Ǐ Ǒ Ɔ Ɛ a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u v w y z á â é ê í î ó ô ú ě ǎ ǐ ǒ ɔ ɛ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 15000000
  speakers_date: 2017
  status: living
  validity: verified
lit:
  name: Lithuanian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Lietuviškai
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ą Č Ė Ę Į Š Ū Ų Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ą č ė ę į š ū ų ž
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̇ ◌̌ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3000000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
lkt:
  name: Lakota
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Lakȟótiyapi
    auxiliary: C D F J Q R V X c d f j q r v x
    base: A B E G H I K L M N O P S T U W Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú Č Ŋ Š Ž Ǧ Ȟ a b e g h i k l m n o p s t u w y z á é í ó ú č ŋ š ž ǧ ȟ ʼ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 2100
  speakers_date: 1997
  status: living
  validity: verified
lld:
  name: Ladin
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ladin
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Â È É Ê Ë Ì Î Ò Ó Ô Ö Ù Û Ü Ć Ś a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á â è é ê ë ì î ò ó ô ö ù û ü ć ś
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 41129
  speakers_date: 2006-2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
lmo:
  name: Lombard
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Lombard
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á È É Ì Í Ò Ó Ô Ø Ù Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á è é ì í ò ó ô ø ù ü
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3900000
  speakers_date: 2002
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
lns:
  name: Lamnso'
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Lamnsɔ'
    base: A B D E Ə Ɛ F G I J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ S T U V W Ɣ a b d e ə ɛ f g i j k l m n ŋ o ɔ s t u v w ɣ '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 240000
  speakers_date: 2005
  validity: preliminary
lob:
  name: Lobi
  orthographies:
  - base: A B Ɓ C D E Ɛ Ǝ F G H I Ɩ J K L M N O Ɔ P R S T U Ʋ V W Y Ƴ a b ɓ c d e ɛ ǝ f g h i ɩ j k l m n o ɔ p r s t u ʋ v w y ƴ ʼ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 440000
  speakers_date: 1991-1993
  validity: preliminary
lot:
  name: Otuho
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E Ê F G H I J K L M N Ŋ O Ô P Q R S T U Û W Y a b c d e ê f g h i j k l m n ŋ o ô p q r s t u û w y ʼ
    marks: ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 140000
  speakers_date: 1977
  validity: preliminary
loz:
  name: Lozi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: siLozi
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ O P S T U W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n ñ o p s t u w y z ʼ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 725000
  speakers_date: 1982-2010
  validity: preliminary
ltg:
  name: Latgalian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Latgalīšu
    auxiliary: Q W X q w x
    base: A Ā B C Č D E Ē F G Ģ H I Ī J K Ķ L Ļ M N Ņ O Ō P R S Š T U Ū V Y Z Ž a ā b c č d e ē f g ģ h i ī j k ķ l ļ m n ņ o ō p r s š t u ū v y z ž
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̌ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 200000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
ltz:
  name: Luxembourgish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Lëtzebuergesch
    auxiliary: ẞ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Â Ä È É Ê Ë Î Ô Ö Û Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ß â ä è é ê ë î ô ö û ü
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 390000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
lua:
  name: Luba-Lulua
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tshiluba
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 6300000
  speakers_date: 1991
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
lub:
  name: Luba-Katanga
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kiluba
    auxiliary: R X r x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q S T U V W Y Z À Á È É Ì Í Ò Ó Ù Ú Ɔ Ɛ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q s t u v w y z à á è é ì í ò ó ù ú ɔ ɛ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 1505000
  speakers_date: 1991
  status: living
  validity: draft
lug:
  name: Ganda
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Luganda
    auxiliary: H Q X h q x
    base: A B C D E F G I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z Ŋ a b c d e f g i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z ŋ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 8200000
  status: living
  validity: verified
luo:
  name: Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)
  note: Alternative speaker count of 8000000 remains unconfirmed.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Dholuo
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 4200000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
lus:
  name: Lushai
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mizo ṭawng
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T Ṭ U V W Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t ṭ u v w z
    marks: ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Mizo
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 830846
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
lvs:
  name: Standard Latvian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Latviešu
    auxiliary: Q W X Y q w x y
    base: A Ā B C Č D E Ē F G Ģ H I Ī J K Ķ L Ļ M N Ņ O P R S Š T U Ū V Z Ž a ā b c č d e ē f g ģ h i ī j k ķ l ļ m n ņ o p r s š t u ū v z ž
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̌ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1750000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
mad:
  name: Madurese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Madhurâ
    base: A B C D Ḍ E G H I J K L M N O P R S T Ṭ U W Â a b c d ḍ e g h i j k l m n o p r s t ṭ u w â
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̣
    note: The Latin script is the most used nowadays.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ꦧꦱꦴꦩꦝꦸꦫꦴ
    inherit: jav
    script: Javanese
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 6700000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
mag:
  name: Magahi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: मगही
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल व श ष स ह ऎ ऒ ॳ ॴ ॵ ʼ ‌ ‍
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ँ ◌ं ◌ः ◌ऺ ◌ऻ ◌़ ◌ा ◌ि ◌ी ◌ु ◌ू ◌ृ ◌ॆ ◌े ◌ै ◌ॊ ◌ो ◌ौ ◌् ◌ॏ
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 20700000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
mah:
  name: Marshallese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kajin M̧ajeļ
    base: A Ā B D E I J K L Ļ M M̧ N Ņ N̄ O Ō O̧ P R T U Ū W a ā b d e i j k l ļ m m̧ n ņ n̄ o ō o̧ p r t u ū w
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̦ ◌̧ ◌̨
    note: Some spellings use a simplified variant Ḷ Ṃ Ṇ Ñ Ọ instead of the comman, cedilla, macron and ogonek combingin marks.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 55000
  speakers_date: 1979
  validity: preliminary
mai:
  name: Maithili
  note: The speaker count is ambigious as Maithili is often regarded as a dialect of Hindi.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: मैथिली
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल व श ष स ह ऎ ऒ ॳ ॴ ॵ ʼ ऽ ‌ ‍
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ँ ◌ं ◌ः ◌ऺ ◌ऻ ◌़ ◌ा ◌ि ◌ी ◌ु ◌ू ◌ृ ◌ॆ ◌े ◌ै ◌ॊ ◌ो ◌ौ ◌् ◌ॏ
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 33900000
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
mal:
  name: Malayalam
  orthographies:
  - autonym: മലയാളം
    base: അ ആ ഇ ഈ ഉ ഊ ഋ ഌ എ ഏ ഐ ഒ ഓ ഔ ക ഖ ഗ ഘ ങ ച ഛ ജ ഝ ഞ ട ഠ ഡ ഢ ണ ത ഥ ദ ധ ന പ ഫ ബ ഭ മ യ ര റ ല ള ഴ വ ശ ഷ സ ഹ ൠ ൡ ൺ ൻ ർ ൽ ൾ ൿ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ം ◌ഃ ◌ാ ◌ി ◌ീ ◌ു ◌ൂ ◌ൃ ◌െ ◌േ ◌ൈ ◌് ◌ൗ
    numerals: ൦ ൧ ൨ ൩ ൪ ൫ ൬ ൭ ൮ ൯
    script: Malayalam
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 45000000
  speakers_date: 2011-2019
  validity: preliminary
mam:
  name: Mam
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Qyol Mam
    base: A B C E I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W X Ẍ Y a b c e i j k l m n o p q r s t u w x ẍ y '
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 478000
  speakers_date: 2003
  validity: preliminary
mar:
  name: Marathi
  note: There are approximately 12000000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: मराठी
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल ळ व श ष स ह ‌ ‍
    design_alternates: र  ल श
    design_requirements:
    - Marathi Devanagari (sometimes called Balbodh) uses different forms for some of the characters compared to the Hindi version, e.g. ‹र› (eyelash reph), ‹ल›, ‹श› (marked in the previews). This also applies to some conjunct ligatures. Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ँ ◌ं ◌ः ◌़ ◌ा ◌ि ◌ी ◌ु ◌ू ◌ृ ◌े ◌ै ◌ो ◌ौ ◌्
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 83000000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
mas:
  name: Masai
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Maa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Â È É Ê Ì Í Î Ɔ Ɛ Ɨ Ʉ Ò Ó Ô Ù Ú Û Ŋ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á â è é ê ì í î ɔ ɛ ɨ ʉ ò ó ô ù ú û ŋ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1500000
  speakers_date: 2009-2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
maz:
  name: Central Mazahua
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Jñatrjo
    base: A B C D E G H I J L M N Ñ O P R S T U V X Z Ⱥ Ɇ Ʉ a b c d e g h i j l m n ñ o p r s t u v x z ' ⱥ ɇ ʉ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̱ ◌̵
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 140000
  speakers_date: 2010
  validity: preliminary
mcd:
  name: Sharanahua
  note: Although it has its own ISO 639-3 code it is a Yaminawa dialect.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Yaminahua
    base: A B C D E F H I K M N O P R S T U W X Y Ã Ẽ Ĩ Ï Ɨ Õ Č Š a b c d e f h i k m n o p r s t u w x y ã ẽ ĩ ï ɨ õ č š
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2729
  speakers_date: 2006-2011
  validity: preliminary
mcf:
  name: Matsés
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C E G H I J L M N O P Q R S T U Y Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū a b c e g h i j l m n o p q r s t u y ' ā ē ī ō ū
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2200
  speakers_date: 2006
  validity: preliminary
mdf:
  name: Moksha
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Мокшень кяль
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 430000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
men:
  name: Mende (Sierra Leone)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mɛnde yia
    base: A B D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N O Ɔ P S T U V W Y a b d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n o ɔ p s t u v w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 15000000
  speakers_date: 2006
  validity: preliminary
mer:
  name: Meru
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kimîîru
    auxiliary: F P Q S V X Z f p q s v x z
    base: A B C D E G H I J K L M N O R T U W Y Î Û a b c d e g h i j k l m n o r t u w y î û
    marks: ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2000000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
mey:
  name: Hassaniyya
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ḥassaniya
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o q r s t u v w x y z Ë Ñ ë ñ Ŝ ŝ Ŧ ŧ Ż ż ʼ Ḍ ḍ Ḥ ḥ Ṣ ṣ Ṭ ṭ Ẋ ẋ Ẓ ẓ
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̃ ◌̇ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: حسانية
    inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: secondary
  source:
  - République du Sénégal, Décret no 2005-980 relatif à l’orthographe et la séparation des mots en ḥassinya, 21 octobre 2005
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 3120000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
mfe:
  name: Morisyen
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kreol Morisien
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Mauritian Creole
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 1090000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
mfq:
  name: Moba
  orthographies:
  - base: A Ã B C D E Ẽ Ɛ F G H I Ĩ Ɩ J K L M N Ŋ O Õ Ɔ P S T R U V W Y a ã b c d e ẽ ɛ f g h i ĩ ɩ j k l m n ŋ o õ ɔ p s t r u v w y
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2200
  speakers_date: 1998-2000
  validity: draft
mfv:
  name: Mandjak
  orthographies:
  - autonym: manjak
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y z Á Ë Í Ñ Ó Ú á ë í ñ ó ú Ŋ ŋ Ŝ ŝ Ţ ţ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̃ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Sénégal, Décret no 2005-983 relatif à l’orthographe et la séparation des mots en manjakú, 21 octobre 2005
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 315000
  speakers_date: 2006
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
mgh:
  name: Makhuwa-Meetto
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Imeetto
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 6600000
  speakers_date: 2006
  status: living
  validity: draft
mgo:
  name: Meta'
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mɨta’
    auxiliary: Q X q x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K M N O P R S T U W Y Z À È Ì Ò Ù Ŋ Ɔ Ə Ɨ a b c d e f g h i j k m n o p r s t u w y z à è ì ò ù ŋ ɔ ə ɨ ʼ
    marks: ◌̀
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Meta’
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 190000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: draft
mhr:
  name: Eastern Mari
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Олык Марий
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ҥ Ӧ Ӱ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ҥ ӧ ӱ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 470000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
mic:
  name: Mi'kmaq
  note: The speaker count is based on 4% proportion of the total population.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Míkmawísimk
    base: A E I J K L M N O P Q S T U W Y Á É Í Ɨ Ó Ú a e i j k l m n o p q s t u w y ' á é í ɨ ó ú
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 7140
  speakers_date: 2016
  validity: preliminary
min:
  name: Minangkabau
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Baso Minangkabau
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/2947/1/Kamus%20Minangkabau%20-%20Indonesia%20-%20335h.pdf
  - http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/1675/1/Pedoman%20Umum%20Ejaan%20Bahasa%20Minangkabau%201990.pdf
  speakers: 5500000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: verified
miq:
  name: Mískito
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mískitu
    base: A B D H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Z Â Î Í a b d h i j k l m n o p r s t u w z â î í
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 150000
  speakers_date: 2005
  validity: preliminary
mkd:
  name: Macedonian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Македонски
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ѓ Ѕ Ј Љ Њ Ќ Џ а б в г д е ж з и к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш ѓ ѕ ј љ њ ќ џ Ѐ Ѝ ѐ ѝ
    design_alternates: б ◌̆
    design_requirements:
    - Correct positioning of acute and grave marks above some characters may be required.
    - The form of the Cyrillic breve mark (marked in the previews) differs from the Latin-script breve that is asociated with the same Unicode codepoint.
    - In italic, some characters (marked in the previews) use a form that differs from the defaults associated with the Unicode codepoints (typically the Russian form of Cyrillic).
    marks: ◌́ ◌̀
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  - https://www.evertype.com/alphabets/macedonian.pdf
  speakers: 1400000
  status: living
  validity: verified
mlg:
  includes:
  - bhr
  - bmm
  - bzc
  - msh
  - plt
  - skg
  - tdx
  - tkg
  - txy
  - xmv
  - xmw
  name: Malagasy
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Malagasy
    base: A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T V Y Z À Â È É Ê Ë Ì Î Ï Ñ Ô a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t v y z à â è é ê ë ì î ï ñ ô
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: Malagasy
    base: A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T V Y Z À Â È É Ê Ë Ì Î Ï Ô a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t v y z à â è é ê ë ì î ï ô
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  preferred_as_individual: true
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 25000000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
mlt:
  name: Maltese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Malti
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À È Ì Î Ò Ù Ċ Ġ Ħ Ż a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à è ì î ò ù ċ ġ ħ ż
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̇
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 520000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
mni:
  name: Manipuri
  note: The language currently uses also Meetei script which is not included in the database, yet.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: মৈতৈলোন্‎
    base: অ আ ই উ এ ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ জ ঝ ঞ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম ৰ র ল ৱ স হ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ঁ ◌ং ◌ঃ ◌় ◌া ◌ি ◌ু ◌ে ◌ৈ ◌্ ◌ৗ
    numerals: ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯
    script: Bengali
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 1760000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
mnk:
  name: Mandinka
  orthographies:
  - autonym: mandinka
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y Ñ ñ Ŋ ŋ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Sénégal, Décret no 2005-982 relatif à l’orthographe et la séparation des mots en mandinka, 21 octobre 2005
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1300000
  speakers_date: 2002-2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
mns:
  name: Mansi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Маньси
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӈ Ӣ Ӯ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӈ ӣ ӯ
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 940
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
mnw:
  name: Mon
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ဘာသာ မန်
    base: က ခ ဂ ဃ င စ ဆ ဇ ဈ ဉ ည ဋ ဌ ဍ ဎ ဏ တ ထ ဒ ဓ န ပ ဖ ဗ ဘ မ ယ ရ လ ဝ သ ဟ ဠ အ ဢ ဣ ဤ ဥ ဦ ဧ ဨ ဩ ဪ ဿ ၀ ၁ ၂ ၃ ၄ ၅ ၆ ၇ ၈ ၉ ၊ ။ ၌ ၍ ၎ ၏ ၐ ၑ ၒ ၓ ၔ ၕ ၚ ၛ ၜ ၝ ၡ ၥ ၦ ၮ ၯ ၰ ၵ ၶ ၷ ၸ ၹ ၺ ၻ ၼ ၽ ၾ ၿ ႀ ႁ ႎ ႐ ႑ ႒ ႓ ႔ ႕ ႖ ႗ ႘ ႙ ႞ ႟
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ါ ◌ာ ◌ိ ◌ီ ◌ု ◌ူ ◌ေ ◌ဲ ◌ဳ ◌ဴ ◌ဵ ◌ံ ◌့ ◌း ◌္ ◌် ◌ျ ◌ြ ◌ွ ◌ှ ◌ၖ ◌ၗ ◌ၘ ◌ၙ ◌ၞ ◌ၟ ◌ၠ ◌ၢ ◌ၣ ◌ၤ ◌ၧ ◌ၨ ◌ၩ ◌ၪ ◌ၫ ◌ၬ ◌ၭ ◌ၱ ◌ၲ ◌ၳ ◌ၴ ◌ႂ ◌ႃ ◌ႄ ◌ႅ ◌ႆ ◌ႇ ◌ႈ ◌ႉ ◌ႊ ◌ႋ ◌ႌ ◌ႍ ◌ႏ ◌ႚ ◌ႛ ◌ႜ ◌ႝ
    script: Mon-Burmese
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
moe:
  name: Montagnais
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Innu Aimun
    auxiliary: Ń ń
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Â Î Û a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z â î û ᵘ
    marks: ◌̂ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - 'Sandra Clarke, Marguerite MacKenzie, Labrador Innu-Aimun: an introduction to the Sheshatshiu dialect, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2010'
  - Innu-aimun Language resources, https://www.innu-aimun.ca
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 10075
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
moh:
  name: Mohawk
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kanien’kéha
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á À É È Í Ì Ó Ò Ú Ù a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á à é è í ì ó ò ú ù ’
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3875
  speakers_date: 2011-2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
mos:
  name: Mossi
  orthographies:
  - base: A B D E Ɛ F G H I Ɩ L M N O P R S T U V Ʋ W Y Z a b d e ɛ f g h i ɩ l m n o p r s t u v ʋ w y z '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 7830000
  speakers_date: 1009-2013
  validity: preliminary
mql:
  name: Mbelime
  orthographies:
  - autonym: m̄ bɛ̄dímɛ
    base: A B C D E Ɛ F H I K M N O Ɔ P S T U W Y Á É Í Ó Ú Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū Ḭ Ṵ Ḿ Ń a b c d e ɛ f h i k m n o ɔ p s t u w y á é í ó ú ā ē ī ō ū ḭ ṵ ḿ ń
    marks: ◌́ ◌̄ ◌̰
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 29-30.
  speakers: 30000
  speakers_date: 2006
  validity: draft
mqm:
  name: South Marquesan
  note: The number of speakers is an estimate, a half of total Marquesan language speakers (8700).
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ʻEo ʻEnata
    inherit: mrq
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4350
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
mri:
  name: Maori
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Māori
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā ē ī ō ū
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 50000
  speakers_date: 2017
  status: living
  validity: verified
mrj:
  name: Western Mari
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Кырык Мары
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӓ Ӧ Ӱ Ӹ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӓ ӧ ӱ ӹ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 30000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
mrq:
  name: North Marquesan
  note: The number of speakers is an estimate, a half of total Marquesan language speakers (8700).
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ’Eo ’Enana
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ó ú ʻ
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4350
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
mto:
  name: Totontepec Mixe
  orthographies:
  - base: A C H D E G I J M N O P Q S T U V X Y a c h d e g i j m n o p q s t u v x y
    marks: ◌̱
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5500
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: draft
mua:
  name: Mundang
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mundaŋ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z Ã Ẽ Õ Ĩ Ŋ Ǝ Ə Ɓ Ɗ Ṽ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z ã ẽ õ ĩ ŋ ǝ ə ɓ ɗ ṽ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 240000
  speakers_date: 1982-2006
  status: living
  validity: verified
mus:
  name: Creek
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mvskoke
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ē a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ē
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4500
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
mwf:
  name: Murrinh-Patha
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Murrinh-Patha
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1973
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
mwl:
  name: Mirandese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mirandés
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Ç É Ê Í Ó Ô Ú Ũ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á ç é ê í ó ô ú ũ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Native
  speakers: 15000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
mwp:
  name: Kala Lagaw Ya
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kala Lagaw Ya
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Ă Ā È É Ë Ĕ Ē Ì Í Ĭ Ī Ò Ó Ŏ Ō Œ Ù Ú Ŭ Ū a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á ă ā è é ë ĕ ē ì í ĭ ī ò ó ŏ ō œ ù ú ŭ ū
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: Kala Lagaw Ya
    base: A Ă Ā B D E Ĕ Ē G I Ĭ Ī K L M N O Ŏ Ō Ò Ö Ë Œ P F R S T U Ŭ Ū W Y Z J a ă ­ ā b d e ĕ ē g i ĭ ī k l m n o ŏ ō ò ö ë œ p f r s t u ŭ ū w y z j
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Kala Lagaw Ya
    base: A B D E G I K L M N O P R S T U W Y Z a b d e g i k l m n o p r s t u w y z
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Kala Lagaw Ya
    base: A B D E G K L M N O Œ P R S T U W Y Z Ò Ö a b d e g k l m n o œ p r s t u w y z ò ö
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Kala Lagaw Ya
    base: A Á B D E É G I Í K L M N O Ó Ò Œ P R S T U Ù Ú W Y Z a á b d e é g i í k l m n o ó ò œ p r s t u ù ú w y z
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 957
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
mxv:
  name: Metlatónoc Mixtec
  orthographies:
  - base: A C D E G I Ɨ J K L M N Ñ O P R S T U V X Y a c d e g i ɨ j k l m n ñ o p r s t u v x y '
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 150000
  speakers_date: 1990
  validity: preliminary
mya:
  name: Burmese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: မြန်မာစာ / မြန်မာစကား
    base: က ခ ဂ ဃ င စ ဆ ဇ ဈ ဉ ည ဋ ဌ ဍ ဎ ဏ တ ထ ဒ ဓ န ပ ဖ ဗ ဘ မ ယ ရ လ ဝ သ ဣ ဤ ဥ ဦ ဧ ဩ ဪ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ါ ◌ာ ◌ိ ◌ီ ◌ု ◌ူ ◌ေ ◌ဲ ◌ံ ◌့ ◌း ◌္ ◌် ◌ျ ◌ြ ◌ွ ◌ှ ◌ၖ ◌ၗ
    note: The autonym မြန်မာစာ refers to written Burmese while မြန်မာစကား refers to spoken Burmese.
    script: Burmese
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 33000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
myk:
  name: Mamara Senoufo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: mamaara
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w x y z Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɛ Ɲ ɔ ɛ ɲ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Mali, Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d’orthographe des langues nationales, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 740000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
myv:
  name: Erzya
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Эрзянь
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 430000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
mzi:
  name: Ixcatlán Mazatec
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C E F I J K L M N O P R S T U X Y Z a b c e f i j k l m n o p r s t u x y z '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 8600
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
nag:
  name: Naga Pidgin
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Nagamiz
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 30000
  speakers_date: 1989
  status: living
  validity: verified
nan:
  name: Min Nan Chinese
  note: The speaker count is approximate.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: 閩南語
    inherit: cmn
    script: Chinese
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 48000000
  speakers_date: 2017-2018
  validity: draft
nap:
  name: Neapolitan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Napulitano
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Â È É Ê Ì Í Î Ò Ó Ô Ù Ú Û a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á â è é ê ì í î ò ó ô ù ú û
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5700000
  speakers_date: 2002
  status: living
  validity: verified
naq:
  name: Khoekhoe
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Khoekhoe
    auxiliary: J L V j l v
    base: A B C D E F G H I K M N O P Q R S T U W X Y Z À Á Ā Ä Â Ã É È Ê Ë Ẽ Ē Ì Í Ī Ï Ĩ Ò Ó Õ Ö Ô Ō Ù Ú Ũ Ü Û Ū a b c d e f g h i k m n o p q r s t u w x y z à á ā ä â ã é è ê ë ẽ ē ì í ī ï ĩ ò ó õ ö ô ō ù ú ũ ü û ū ǀ ǁ ǂ ǃ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̄ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 200000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: verified
nav:
  name: Navajo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Diné Bizaad
    base: A Ą B C D E Ę G H I Į J K L Ł M N O Ǫ S T W X Y Z a á ą ą́ b c d e é ę ę́ g h i í į į́ j k l ł m n o ó ǫ ǫ́ s t w x y z ʼ
    design_alternates: Ą Ę Į Ǫ ą ą́ ę ę́ į į́ ǫ ǫ́
    design_requirements:
    - The positioning of the ogonek mark (marked in the previews) differs from its positioning in Polish and Lithuanian as it is typically centered below the vowel.
    marks: ◌́ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_language#Orthography
  speakers: 169359
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
nba:
  name: Nyemba
  orthographies:
  - base: A B D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P S T U W Z a b d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n ŋ o ɔ p s t u w z
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 431000
  speakers_date: 2010-2014
  validity: preliminary
nbl:
  name: South Ndebele
  orthographies:
  - autonym: isiNdebele
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1100000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
nde:
  name: North Ndebele
  orthographies:
  - autonym: isiNdebele
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 1600000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
ndo:
  name: Ndonga
  orthographies:
  - base: A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 810000
  speakers_date: 2006
  validity: preliminary
nds:
  name: Low German
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Niedersächsisch
    auxiliary: ẞ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ë Ï Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ß ä ë ï ö ü
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 6700000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
nep:
  includes:
  - npi
  - dty
  name: Nepali (macrolanguage)
  validity: verified
nhn:
  name: Central Nahuatl
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ü Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū Ȳ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ü ā ē ī ō ū ȳ
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 40000
  speakers_date: 1980
  status: living
  validity: verified
nio:
  name: Nganasan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ня”
    auxiliary: ҙ
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ҫ Ү Ӈ Ә Ө Ҙ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ҫ ү ӈ ә ө ”
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    note: Sources partially disagree. This orthography is based on Omniglot. Wikipedia notes use of з̌ instead of ҙ.
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 125
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
niu:
  name: Niuean
  note: The speaker count date is for the 2000 speakers in Niue only. The 5700 speakers elsewhere are undated.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Niuē
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā ē ī ō ū
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 7700
  speakers_date: 1998
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
niv:
  name: Gilyak
  orthographies:
  - autonym: нивх
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ғ Ӄ Ӈ Ӷ Ӻ Ӽ Ӿ Р̌ ʼ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ғ ӄ ӈ ӷ ӻ ӽ ӿ р̌ ’
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 200
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
njo:
  name: Ao Naga
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C E I J K L M N O P R S T U Y Z a b c e i j k l m n o p r s t u y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  validity: draft
nku:
  name: Bouna Kulango
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ɣ a b c d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n ŋ o ɔ p q r s t u v w x y z ɣ ˆ
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 130000
  speakers_date: 1991-2003
  validity: draft
nld:
  name: Dutch
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Nederlands
    auxiliary: ȷ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Â Ä È É Ê Ë Í Ï Ó Ô Ö Ú Û Ü Ĳ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á â ä è é ê ë í ï ó ô ö ú û ü ĳ
    design_requirements:
    - To support a combination of ‹ĳ› with an acute mark, ‹ȷ› with an acute mark should follow ‹í›. Font developers provide automated substitutions in their fonts to make such character recomposition work.
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Native
  speakers: 24000000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
nmg:
  name: Kwasio
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kwasio
    auxiliary: Q X Z q x z
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Á Â Ä É Ê Í Î Ï Ó Ô Ö Ú Û Ā Ē Ě Ī Ń Ŋ Ō Ŕ Ū Ǎ Ǐ Ǒ Ǔ Ǝ Ɓ Ɔ Ɛ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y á â ä é ê í î ï ó ô ö ú û ā ē ě ī ń ŋ ō ŕ ū ǎ ǐ ǒ ǔ ǝ ɓ ɔ ɛ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 26000
  speakers_date: 1982-2012
  status: living
  validity: draft
nnh:
  name: Ngiemboon
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ngyɛmbɔɔŋ
    auxiliary: Q R X q r x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P S T U V W Y Z À Á Â È É Ê Ì Í Ò Ó Ô Ù Ú Û Ÿ Ě Ń Ŋ Ǎ Ǒ Ǔ Ɔ Ɛ Ʉ Ḿ Ẅ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p s t u v w y z à á â è é ê ì í ò ó ô ù ú û ÿ ě ń ŋ ǎ ǒ ǔ ɔ ɛ ʉ ʼ ḿ ẅ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 250000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
nog:
  name: Nogai
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ногай
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
    marks: ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 87000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
non:
  name: Old Norse
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Dǫnsk tunga
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Æ É Í Ð Ó Ø Ú Ý Œ Ǫ Ǽ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á æ é í ð ó ø ú ý œ ǫ ǽ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 0
  status: historical
  validity: preliminary
nor:
  autonym: Norsk
  includes:
  - nno
  - nob
  name: Norwegian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Norsk
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á À Ä Å Æ É È Ê Ò Ó Ô Ö Ø Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á à ä å æ é è ê ò ó ô ö ø ü
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̊
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_as_individual: true
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 4320000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
not:
  name: Nomatsiguenga
  orthographies:
  - autonym: inato
    base: A B C E Ë G I J M N O P Q R S T Y a b c e ë g i j m n o p q r s t y
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 6500
  speakers_date: 2003
  validity: preliminary
nov:
  name: Novial
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Novial
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 0
  status: constructed
  validity: preliminary
npi:
  name: Nepali (individual language)
  note: There are approximately 9000000 L2 speakers (2011).
  orthographies:
  - autonym: नेपाली
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल ळ व श ष स ह ‌ ‍
    design_requirements:
    - The Devanagari used for Nepali makes use of different forms for some of the characters compared to the Hindi version, e.g. ‹झ›, numerals five, eight, and nine (marked in the previews).
    - Nepali orthographies prefer a smaller number of conjunct ligatures than commonly used in Hindi or Marathi.
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    desing_alternates: झ ५ ८ ९
    marks: ◌ँ ◌ं ◌ः ◌़ ◌ा ◌ि ◌ी ◌ु ◌ू ◌ृ ◌े ◌ै ◌ो ◌ौ ◌्
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Unicode
  speakers: 16000000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
nso:
  name: Pedi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sepedi
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ê Ô Š a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ê ô š
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4700000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ntm:
  name: Nateni
  orthographies:
  - autonym: nateni
    base: A B C D E Ɛ F H I K M N O Ɔ P S T U W Y À Á È É Ì Í Ḭ Ǹ Ń Ò Ó Ù Ú Ṵ a b c d e ɛ f h i k m n o ɔ p s t u w y à á è é ì í ḭ ǹ ń ò ó ù ú ṵ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̀ ◌̰
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 33-35.
  speakers: 66000
  speakers_date: 2001
  validity: preliminary
nuk:
  name: Nuuchahnulth
  orthographies:
  - autonym: nuučaan̓uɫ
    base: A C E H I K M N O P Q S T U W X Y a c e h i k m n o p q s t u w x y Č č Ł ł Š š ƛ ʔ ʕ ʷ Ḥ ḥ
    marks: ◌̌ ◌̓ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - FirstVoices
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 800
  speakers_date: 2018
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
nus:
  name: Nuer
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Naath
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ë Ï Ö Ŋ Ɔ Ɛ Ɣ A̱ E̱ I̱ O̱ Ɔ̱ Ɛ̱ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ë ï ö ŋ ɔ ɛ ɣ a̱ e̱ i̱ o̱ ɔ̱ ɛ̱
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̱
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 890000
  speakers_date: 1982-2007
  status: living
  validity: verified
nya:
  name: Nyanja
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Chicheŵa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ŋ Ŵ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ŋ ŵ
    marks: ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 12000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
nym:
  name: Nyamwezi
  orthographies:
  - base: A B D E Ɛ F G H I J L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P S T U V W Z a b d e ɛ f g h i j l m n ŋ o ɔ p s t u v w z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1500000
  speakers_date: 1987-2016
  validity: preliminary
nyn:
  name: Nyankole
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Runyankore
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k m n o p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3400000
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: verified
nza:
  name: Tigon Mbembe
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Mbembe
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z À Á Â È É Ê Ì Í Î Ò Ó Ô Ù Ú Û à á â è é ê ì í î ò ó ô ù ú û Ě ě Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɛ Ǎ ǎ Ǐ ǐ Ǒ ǒ Ǔ ǔ ɑ ɔ ɛ Ɑ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Julius A. Eyoh, Emmanuel S. Echebi, Mbembe Orthography Guide, Cameroon Association for Bible Translation and Literacy (CABTAL), 2009
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 60000
  speakers_date: 1987-2005
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
nzi:
  name: Nzima
  orthographies:
  - base: A B D E Ɛ F G H I K L M N O Ɔ P R S T U V W Y Z a b d e ɛ f g h i k l m n o ɔ p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 412000
  speakers_date: 2013
  validity: preliminary
oaa:
  name: Orok
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Уйльта
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ч Э Ј Ӈ Ӡ Ӣ Ө Ԩ Ь а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ч э ј ӈ ӡ ӣ ө ԩ ь
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 47
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
oci:
  name: Occitan (post 1500)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Occitan
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Ç È É Ë Í Ï Ò Ó Ú Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á ç è é ë í ï ò ó ú ü
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Occitan
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 800000
  speakers_date: 2007-2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ojb:
  name: Northwestern Ojibwa
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Nakawēmowin
    base: A B C D E G H I J K M N O P S T W Y Z a b c d e g h i j k m n o p s t w y z '
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 20000
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: draft
oji:
  includes:
  - ojs
  - ojg
  - ojc
  - ojb
  - ojw
  - ciw
  - otw
  - alq
  name: Ojibwa
  note: Most Ojibwa (oji) dialects are listed as individual languages in ISO 639-3. Their orthographies differ.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ
    base: ᐁ ᐃ ᐅ ᐊ ᐄ ᐎ ᐆ ᐋ ᐯ ᐱ ᐳ ᐸ ᐲ ᐴ ᐹ ᑉ ᑌ ᑎ ᑐ ᑕ ᑏ ᑑ ᑖ ᑦ ᑫ ᑭ ᑯ ᑲ ᑮ ᑰ ᑳ ᒃ ᒉ ᒋ ᒍ ᒐ ᒌ ᒎ ᒑ ᒡ ᒣ ᒥ ᒧ ᒪ ᒦ ᒨ ᒫ ᒻ ᓀ ᓂ ᓄ ᓇ ᓃ ᓅ ᓈ ᓐ ᓭ ᓯ ᓱ ᓴ ᓰ ᓲ ᓵ ᔅ ᔐ ᔑ ᔓ ᔕ ᔒ ᔔ ᔖ ᔥ ᔦ ᔨ ᔪ ᔭ ᔩ ᔫ ᔮ ᔾ ᐦ
    script: Ojibwe Syllabics
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 100880
  speakers_date: 1990-2010
  validity: preliminary
oma:
  name: Omaha-Ponca
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Umaⁿhaⁿ
    base: A B C D E G H I J K M N O P Q S T U W X Z a b c d e g h i j k m n o p q s t u w x z ʰ ’ ⁿ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omaha & Ponca Digital Dictionary
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 85
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
onw:
  name: Old Nubian
  orthographies:
  - auxiliary: ⲁ̇ ⲉ̇ ⲓ̇ ⲟ̇ ⲥ̇ ⲩ̇ ⲱ̇
    base: ⲁ ⲃ ⲅ ⲇ ⲉ ⲍ ⲏ ⲓ ⲕ ⲗ ⲙ ⲛ ⲟ ⲡ ⲣ ⲥ ⲧ ⲩ ⲫ ⲱ ⳡ ⳣ ⳝ ⳟ ϣ ϩ ⲑ ⲝ ⲭ ⲯ ⲁ̄ ⲃ̄ ⲅ̄ ⲇ̄ ⲉ̄ ⲍ̄ ⲏ̄ ⲕ̄ ⲗ̄ ⲙ̄ ⲛ̄ ⲟ̄ ⲡ̄ ⲣ̄ ⲥ̄ ⲧ̄ ⲩ̄ ⲫ̄ ⲱ̄ ⳡ̄ ⳣ̄ ⳟ̄ ϣ̄ ϩ̄ ⲑ̄ ⲝ̄ ⲭ̄ ⲯ̄ ⲓ̈
    design_requirements:
    - Nearly all Old Nubian texts have been written in a slanted uncial variant of the Coptic/Nubian script.
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̈ ◌̇
    note: Some authors prefer to use dot mark above instead of macron.
    script: Coptic/Nubian
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  status: extinct
  validity: verified
orc:
  name: Orma
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Orma
    inherit: gax
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 66000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
orh:
  name: Oroqen
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Oroqen
    base: A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U Ü W X Y a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u ü w x y
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1200
  speakers_date: 2009
  validity: preliminary
oss:
  name: Ossetian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ирон
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӕ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӕ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Æ Č Š Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä æ č š ž
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: deprecated
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 600000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ota:
  name: Ottoman Turkish
  note: Used ca. 15th century up until 1928
  orthographies:
  - base: ʾ ʿ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Â Ç Î Ö Û Ü Ğ Ş Ș Ṡ Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū Ṫ Ṭ Ż Ẓ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s ṣ ṡ t ṫ ṭ u v w x y z ż ẓ â ç î ö û ü ğ İ ı ş ș ā ē ī ō ū S̱ s̱ Ẕ ẕ
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̣ ◌̦ ◌̧ ◌̱
    note: The International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES) transliteration chart used for this entry provides the most complete and (almost) reversible transliteration between the original Arabic and Latin alphabet representation.
    script: Latin
    status: transliteration
  - inherit: arb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/information/author-resources/ijmes-translation-and-transliteration-guide
  - https://github.com/QHOD/ota-keyboard/
  - Wikipedia
  status: historical
  validity: preliminary
ote:
  name: Mezquital Otomi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Hñahñu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U X Y Z Ã Ï Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u x y z ã ï ö ü
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̱
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 130000
  speakers_date: 1990
  validity: preliminary
pam:
  name: Pampanga
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kapampangan
    auxiliary: C F J V X Z c f j q v x z
    base: A B D E G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U W Y a b d e g h i k l m n o p r s t u w y
    note: Based on Wikipedia. Omniglot lists A–Z, a–z.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1900000
  speakers_date: 1990
  status: living
  validity: verified
pan:
  name: Panjabi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: ਅ ਬ ਭ ਗ ਧ ਢ ੲ ਵ ਦ ਡ ਹ ਘ ਥ ਠ ਯ ਕ ਚ ਲ ਮ ਨ ਣ ਸ ੳ ਪ ਫ ਖ ਛ ਰ ਤ ਟ ਜ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌਼ ◌ਾ ◌ਿ ◌ੀ ◌ੁ ◌ੂ ◌ੇ ◌ੈ ◌ੋ ◌ੌ
    note: Used in India.
    numerals: ੦ ੧ ੨ ੩ ੪ ੫ ੬ ੭ ੮ ੯ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Gurmukhi
    status: primary
  - autonym: پن٘جابی
    base: ا ب پ ت ٹ ث ج چ ح خ د ڈ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن ݨ ں و ه ھ ء ی ے
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ؕ
    note: Used in Pakistan.
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 125000000
  speakers_date: 2011-2015
  validity: preliminary
pap:
  name: Papiamento
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Papiamentu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z È Ò Ù Ü Ñ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z è ò ù ü ñ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 341300
  status: living
  validity: verified
pau:
  name: Palauan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: a tekoi er a Belau
    base: A B C D E Ę F I K L M N O P R S T U Z a b c d e ę f i k l m n o p r s t u z
    marks: ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 17000
  speakers_date: 2008
  validity: preliminary
pbb:
  name: Páez
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Nasa Yuwe
    base: A Ã B C D E Ẽ F G I Ĩ J L M N Ñ P Q S T U Ũ V W Y Z a ã b c d e ẽ f g i ĩ j l m n ñ p q s t u ũ v w y z '
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 60000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
pbu:
  name: Northern Pashto
  orthographies:
  - autonym: یوسفزئی پښتو
    base: ﺍ ﺏ پ ﺕ ټ ﺙ ﺝ چ ﺡ ﺥ څ ځ ﺩ ډ ﺫ ﺭ ړ ﺯ ژ ږ ﺱ ﺵ ښ ﺹ ﺽ ﻁ ﻅ ﻉ ﻍ ﻑ ﻕ ک ګ ﻝ ﻡ ﻥ ڼ ﻭ ه ۀ ي ې ی ۍ ئ
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ٔ
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 21000000
  speakers_date: 2013
  validity: preliminary
pcd:
  name: Picard
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Picard
    base: A Â Å B C Ç D E Ê É È F G I Î Ï K L H J M N O Ô P Q R S T U Û V W Y Ŷ Z Æ Œ a â å b c ç d e ê é è f g i î ï k l h j m n o ô p q r s t u û v w y ŷ z æ œ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̊ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 700000
  speakers_date: 2008
  validity: preliminary
pes:
  name: Iranian Persian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: فارسی
    base: ء أ ؤ ئ ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ل م ن ه و پ چ ژ ک گ ی
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٔ ◌ٰ
    numerals: ۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 55600000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
pga:
  name: Sudanese Creole Arabic
  note: Also called Juba Arabic.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: جوبا
    inherit: apd
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 20000
  speakers_date: 1987
  status: living
  validity: draft
pil:
  name: Yom
  orthographies:
  - autonym: pila
    auxiliary: Ʋ ʋ
    base: A B C D E Ɛ Ǝ F G H I J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P Q S T U Ʊ V W Y Z a b c d e ɛ ǝ f g h i j k l m n ŋ o ɔ p q s t u ʊ v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 41-42.
  speakers: 300000
  speakers_date: 2006
  validity: preliminary
pis:
  name: Pijin
  note: There are approximately 300000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Æ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w æ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 24000
  speakers_date: 1999
  validity: preliminary
piu:
  name: Pintupi-Luritja
  orthographies:
  - base: A I K L M N P R T U W Y a i k l m n p r t u w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 147
  speakers_date: 2016
  validity: preliminary
plz:
  name: Paluan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Paluan
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 5500
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: draft
pms:
  name: Piemontese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Piemontèis
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Ä È Ë Ì Ï Ò Ö Ù Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à ä è ë ì ï ò ö ù ü
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 700000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
pnb:
  name: Western Panjabi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
    inherit: pan
    note: Used in India.
    script: Gurmukhi
    status: primary
  - autonym: پن٘جابی
    inherit: pan
    note: Used in Pakistan.
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  validity: preliminary
pol:
  name: Polish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Polski
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ó Ą Ć Ę Ł Ń Ś Ź Ż a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ó ą ć ę ł ń ś ź ż
    marks: ◌́ ◌̇ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 45000000
  status: living
  validity: verified
pon:
  name: Pohnpeian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Pohnpei
    base: A D E H I K L M N O P R S T U W a d e h i k l m n o p r s t u w
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 29000
  speakers_date: 2001
  validity: preliminary
por:
  name: Portuguese
  note: While Ü and ü were dropped in the latest Orthographic Agreement, they are still needed for names, and media from before 2015.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Português
    auxiliary: Ü ü
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Â Ã Ç È É Ê Í Ò Ó Ô Õ Ú a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á â ã ç è é ê í ò ó ô õ ú
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 223000000
  speakers_date: 2012-2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
pot:
  name: Potawatomi
  note: The language is currently being revived.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Bodéwadmimwen
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z È É Ê Ë a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z è é ê ë
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 0
  status: living
  validity: verified
pov:
  name: Upper Guinea Crioulo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kriolu
    base: A B C D E F G I J K L M N O P R S T X U V Z a b c d e f g i j k l m n o p r s t x u v z '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1000000
  speakers_date: 2006-2007
  validity: preliminary
ppl:
  name: Pipil
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Náhuat
    base: A C E H I J K L M N P S T U W Y a c e h i j k l m n p s t u w y
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 500
  speakers_date: 2015
  validity: preliminary
prg:
  name: Prussian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Prūsiskan
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Ē Ģ Ī Ķ Ņ Ō Ŗ Š Ū Ž Ț Ḑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā ē ģ ī ķ ņ ō ŗ š ū ž ț ḑ
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̌ ◌̦ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 0
  status: living
  validity: verified
prq:
  name: Ashéninka Perené
  orthographies:
  - base: A C E I J K M N Ñ O P R S T W Y Z a c e i j k m n ñ o p r s t w y z
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9881
  speakers_date: 2017
  validity: preliminary
prs:
  name: Dari
  orthographies:
  - autonym: دری
    inherit: pes
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 12500000
  speakers_date: 2000-2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
quc:
  name: K'iche'
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Qatzijob'al
    base: A B C E H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W X Y Z a b c e h i j k l m n o p q r s t u w x y z '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2330000
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
que:
  includes:
  - qub
  - qud
  - quf
  - qug
  - quh
  - quk
  - qul
  - qup
  - qur
  - qus
  - quw
  - qux
  - quy
  - quz
  - qva
  - qvc
  - qve
  - qvh
  - qvi
  - qvj
  - qvl
  - qvm
  - qvn
  - qvo
  - qvp
  - qvs
  - qvw
  - qvz
  - qwa
  - qwc
  - qwh
  - qws
  - qxa
  - qxc
  - qxh
  - qxl
  - qxn
  - qxo
  - qxp
  - qxr
  - qxt
  - qxu
  - qxw
  name: Quechua
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Runa Simi
    auxiliary: Č Ĉ Š Ž č ĉ š ž
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ñ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ñ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̂ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_as_individual: true
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 10000000
  speakers_date: 2004
  status: living
  validity: verified
qxq:
  name: Qashqa'i
  orthographies:
  - autonym: قاشقای ديلى
    inherit: pes
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 949000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
rah:
  name: Rabha
  orthographies:
  - autonym: রাভা‎
    base: ৺ অ আ ই উ এ ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য র ৰ ল ৱ শ ষ স হ ʼ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ঁ ◌ং ◌ঃ ◌় ◌া ◌ি ◌ু ◌ে ◌ৈ ◌্ ◌ৗ
    numerals: ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯
    script: Bengali
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 139986
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
rar:
  name: Rarotongan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Māori Kūki 'Āirani
    auxiliary: Á É Í Ó Ú á é í ó ú
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā ē ī ō ū
    marks: ◌̄ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Cook Islands Māori
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 21345
  speakers_date: 2011-2013
  status: living
  validity: verified
rkt:
  name: Rangpuri
  note: Rangpuri also uses an orthography in a Devanagari script. That orthography is currently missing from the database.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: রংপুরী
    base: ৺ অ আ ই ঈ উ ঊ ঋ এ ঐ ও ঔ ক খ গ ঘ ঙ চ ছ জ ঝ ঞ ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ ত থ দ ধ ন প ফ ব ভ ম য র ৰ ল ৱ শ ষ স হ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ঁ ◌ং ◌ঃ ◌় ◌া ◌ি ◌ী ◌ু ◌ূ ◌ৃ ◌ে ◌ৈ ◌্ ◌ৗ
    numerals: ০ ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯
    script: Bengali
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 15000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
rmn:
  name: Balkan Romani
  note: There are approximately 200000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: řomani ćhib
    base: A Ä Á B C Ć Č D E Ê É F Ğ H I Î Í J K L M N O Ö Ó P Ṗ Q R Ř S Š T U V W X Y Z a ä á b c ć č d e ê é f ğ h i î í j k l m n o ö ó p ṗ q r ř s š t u v w x y z
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̆ ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - base: А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ы Ь Э Ю Я а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш ы ь э ю я
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 563670
  speakers_date: 2013
  validity: preliminary
rmy:
  name: Vlax Romani
  orthographies:
  - autonym: řomani ćhib
    base: A Ä B C Ć Č D E Ê F Ğ H I Î J K L M N O Ö P Ṗ Q R S Ś T U V W X Z Ź a ä b c ć č d e ê f ğ h i î j k l m n o ö p ṗ q r s ś t u v w x z ź
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̆ ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 538480
  speakers_date: 2002-2014
  validity: preliminary
roh:
  name: Romansh
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Rumantsch
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Â È É Ê Î Ò Ô Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à â è é ê î ò ô ö ü
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 44354
  speakers_date: 2017
  status: living
  validity: verified
ron:
  name: Romanian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Молдовеняскэ
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ӂ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш ы ь э ю я ӂ
    marks: ◌̆
    note: Used in Transnistria.
    script: Cyrillic
    status: local
  - autonym: Română
    auxiliary: Ş Ţ ş ţ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Â Î Ă Ș Ț a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z â î ă ș ț
    design_requirements:
    - The characters ‹Ș,ș› and ‹Ț,ț› have been represented with ‹Ş,ş› and ‹Ţ,ţ› in the past. The former character codepoints may still appear in some legacy encodings. To resolve this and to avoid discrepancy (the marks below both character pairs ought to be identical) some font developers use automated substitutions in their OpenType fonts.
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̆ ◌̦ ◌̧
    note: Used also for Romanian spoken in Moldavia (sometimes called Moldavian).
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 26000000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
roo:
  name: Rotokas
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Rotokas
    base: A E G I K O P R S T U V a e g i k o p r s t u v
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4300
  speakers_date: 1981
  status: living
  validity: verified
rue:
  name: Rusyn
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Руски
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ь Э Ю Я Ё Є І Ї Ґ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ь э ю я ё є і ї ґ
    design_alternates: ◌̆
    design_requirements:
    - The form of the Cyrillic breve mark (marked in the previews) differs from the Latin-script breve that is asociated with the same Unicode codepoint.
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyn_language
  speakers: 623500
  speakers_date: 2000-2006
  status: living
  validity: verified
run:
  name: Rundi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ikirundi
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 8800000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ruo:
  name: Istro Romanian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Rumârește
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Å Ă Â Ê Ľ Ń Ș Ț a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z å ă â ê ľ ń ș ț
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̆ ◌̊ ◌̌ ◌̦
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 300
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
rup:
  name: Macedo-Romanian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Armani
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Â Ã Ă Ș Ț a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z â ã ă ș ț
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̆ ◌̦
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 250000
  speakers_date: 1997
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ruq:
  name: Megleno Romanian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Vlăheshte
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Â Ă Ạ Ē Ë Ę Ž Ł Š Ī Ō Ǫ Ū Ľ Ń Ș Ț a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā â ă ạ ē ë ę ž ł š ī ō ǫ ū ľ ń ș ț
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌̌ ◌̣ ◌̦ ◌̨ ◌̯
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5000
  speakers_date: 2002
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
rus:
  name: Russian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Русский
    auxiliary: А́ Е́ И́ О́ У́ Ы́ Э́ Ю́ Я́ а́ е́ и́ о́ у́ ы́ э́ ю́ я́
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё
    design_alternates: ◌̆
    design_requirements:
    - Correct positioning of an acute mark above vowel characters may be required.
    - The form of the Cyrillic breve mark (marked in the previews) differs from the Latin-script breve that is asociated with the same Unicode codepoint.
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌́
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_alphabet
  - https://www.evertype.com/alphabets/russian.pdf
  speakers: 150000000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
rut:
  name: Rutul
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Мыхӏабишды
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 36400
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
rwk:
  name: Rwa
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Rwa
    auxiliary: Q X q x
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  status: living
  validity: draft
sag:
  name: Sango
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sängö
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Â Ä Ê Ë Î Ï Ô Ö Û Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z â ä ê ë î ï ô ö û ü
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 450000
  speakers_date: 1988
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sah:
  name: Yakut
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Сахалыы
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ҕ Ҥ Ү Һ Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ҕ ҥ ү һ ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 450000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
san:
  name: Sanskrit
  orthographies:
  - autonym: संस्कृतम्
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ॠ ऌ ॡ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल ळ व श ष स ह ‌ ‍
    design_alternates: र  ल श
    design_requirements:
    - The Devanagari used for Sanskrit makes use of different forms for some of the characters (marked in the previews) and conjunct ligatures compared to the Hindi version.
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ँ ◌ं ◌ः ◌़ ◌ा ◌ि ◌ी ◌ु ◌ू ◌ृ ◌े ◌ै ◌ो ◌ौ ◌्
    note: Sanskrit has been written using a variety of Brahmic scrits and, later, also the Latin-script transliteration. There a no native speakers of Sanskrit.
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  validity: preliminary
saq:
  name: Samburu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sampur
    auxiliary: F Q X Z f q x z
    base: A B C D E G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y a b c d e g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 240000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: draft
sav:
  name: Saafi-Saafi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: saafi-saafi
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y Ñ ñ Ŋ ŋ Ɓ Ɗ Ƴ ƴ ɓ ɗ ’
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Sénégal, Décret no 2005-989 relatif à l’orthographe et la séparation des mots en saafi-saafi, 21 octobre 2005
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 200000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sbp:
  name: Sangu (Tanzania)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Shisango
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q S T U V W X Y Z À Á Ä Â È É Ë Ê Ì Í Ï Î Ò Ó Ö Ô Ù Ú Ü Û a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q s t u v w x y z à á ä â è é ë ê ì í ï î ò ó ö ô ù ú ü û
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 75000
  speakers_date: 1987
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
scn:
  name: Sicilian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sicilianu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Â È Ì Ò Ù a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à â è ì ò ù
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 4700000
  speakers_date: 2002
  status: living
  validity: verified
sco:
  name: Scots
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Scots Leid
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ȝ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ȝ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1541693
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
sdh:
  name: Southern Kurdish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: کوردی خوارگ
    inherit: ckb
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 3000000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
seh:
  name: Sena
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Cisena
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1600000
  speakers_date: 2001-2006
  status: living
  validity: verified
sei:
  name: Seri
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Cmiique Iitom
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ö a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ö
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 764
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sel:
  name: Selkup
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Шӧльӄумыт
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Җ Ӄ Ӈ A Ӣ Ӧ Ө Ӭ Ӯ Ӱ Ӷ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё җ ӄ ӈ a ӣ ӧ ө ӭ ӯ ӱ ӷ
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̊
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 1000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: draft
ses:
  name: Koyraboro Senni Songhai
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Koyraboro Senni
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ã Õ Ŋ Š Ž Ɲ Ẽ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ã õ ŋ š ž ɲ ẽ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 430000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sey:
  name: Secoya
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Paikoka
    base: A D E Ë I J K M N Ñ O P S T U W Y a d e ë i j k m n ñ o p s t u w y '
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̱
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1200
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
sgh:
  name: Shughni
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Хуг̌ну̊н зив
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ё Ғ Қ Ҳ Ҷ Ӣ Ӯ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш ё ғ қ ҳ ҷ ӣ ӯ
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌̊ ◌̌
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 50000
  speakers_date: 1990
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
shi:
  name: Tachelhit
  note: The speaker count corresponds to 14.1% of the Moroccan population.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tachelhit
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Q R S T U W X Y Z Ɛ Ɣ Ḍ Ḥ Ṛ Ṣ Ṭ Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n q r s t u w x y z ɛ ɣ ʷ ḍ ḥ ṛ ṣ ṭ ž
    marks: ◌̌ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 4739021
  status: living
  validity: verified
shk:
  name: Shilluk
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Dhøg Cøllø
    base: A Ɛ E I Ɔ O Ø U W Y B C D G H J K L M N Ŋ P R T V Á À Ä É È Ë Í Ì Ï Ó Ö Ú Ù a ɛ e i ɔ o ø u w y b c d g h j k l m n ŋ p r t v á à ä é è ë í ì ï ó ö ú ù
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 175000
  speakers_date: 1982
  validity: preliminary
shn:
  name: Shan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: လိၵ်ႈတႆး / ၵႂၢမ်းတႆး
    base: ၵ ၶ င ၸ သ ၺ တ ထ ၼ ပ ၽ ၾ မ ယ ရ လ ဝ ႁ ဢ a i ( )
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ိ ◌ီ ◌ု ◌ူ ◌ေ ◌ဵ ◌း ◌် ◌ျ ◌ြ ◌ွ ◌ၢ ◌ႂ ◌ႃ ◌ႄ ◌ႅ ◌ႆ ◌ႇ ◌ႈ ◌ႉ ◌ႊ
    note: The autonym လိၵ်ႈတႆး refers to the written Shan while ၵႂၢမ်းတႆး refers to the spoken Shan.
    script: Burmese
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3300000
  speakers_date: 2001
  validity: preliminary
shp:
  name: Shipibo-Conibo
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C E I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W Y a b c e i j k l m n o p q r s t u w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 26000
  speakers_date: 2003
  validity: preliminary
shu:
  name: Chadian Arabic
  orthographies:
  - autonym: تشادية
    inherit: apd
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1600000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: draft
shz:
  name: Syenara Senoufo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: syenara
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z Ŋ ŋ Ɔ Ɛ Ɲ ɔ ɛ ɲ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Mali, Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d’orthographe des langues nationales, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 210000
  speakers_date: 1995-2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sin:
  name: Sinhala
  note: There are approximately 3000000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: සිංහල
    base: අ ආ ඇ ඈ ඉ ඊ උ ඌ ඍ ඎ එ ඒ ඓ ඔ ඕ ඖ ට ඨ ඩ ඪ ණ ඬ ත ථ ද ධ න ඳ ප ඵ බ භ ම ඹ ය ර ල ව ළ ශ ෂ ස හ ෆ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    script: Sinhala
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 17000000
  speakers_date: 2012
  validity: preliminary
sjd:
  name: Kildin Sami
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Кӣллт са̄мь кӣлл
    auxiliary: Щ щ Ҋ ҋ Ӹ ӹ ʼ
    base: А Ӓ Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З Һ И Ӣ Й Ј К Л Ӆ М Ӎ Н Ӊ Ӈ О П Р Ҏ С Т У Ӯ Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ъ Ы Ь Ҍ Э Ӭ Ю Я а ӓ б в г д е ё ж з һ и ӣ й ј к л ӆ м ӎ н ӊ ӈ о п р ҏ с т у ӯ ф х ц ч ш ъ ы ь ҍ э ӭ ю я
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 340
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sje:
  name: Pite Sami
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Bidumsámegiella
    base: A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V Á Ä Å Đ Ŋ Ŧ a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v á ä å đ ŋ ŧ ʼ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̊
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 50
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sjt:
  name: Ter Sami
  note: Ter Saami has been used as a written language only in very few texts. Currently, the number of active speakers of Ter Saami is likely lower than 10. Kildin and Ter Sami languages are grouped together as Kola Sami by some linguists.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Са̄мькӣлл
    inherit: sjd
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sju:
  name: Ume Sami
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ubmejesámiengiälla
    auxiliary: Ū Ǖ ū ǖ
    base: A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V Y Á Ä Å Ï Ö Ü Đ Ŋ Ŧ a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v y á ä å ï ö ü đ ŋ ŧ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̄ ◌̈ ◌̊
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 10
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sjw:
  name: Shawnee
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sawanwa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 200
  speakers_date: 2002
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
skr:
  name: Saraiki
  orthographies:
  - autonym: سرائیکی
    base: ا ب ٻ پ ت ٹ ث ج ڄ چ ح خ د ڊ ڈ ݙ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ڳ ل م ن ݨ و ہ ھ ء ی ے ي
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ٔ
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 26000000
  speakers_date: 2017
  validity: preliminary
slk:
  name: Slovak
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Slovenčina
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Ä É Í Ó Ô Ú Ý Č Ď Ĺ Ľ Ň Ŕ Š Ť Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á ä é í ó ô ú ý č ď ĺ ľ ň ŕ š ť ž
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5200000
  speakers_date: 2011-2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
slv:
  name: Slovenian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Slovenščina
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ö Ü Ć Č Đ Š Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ö ü ć č đ š ž
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 2500000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
sma:
  name: Southern Sami
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Åarjelsaemiengïele
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Å Æ Ï Ö Ø a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä å æ ï ö ø
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̊
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 600
  speakers_date: 1992
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sme:
  name: Northern Sami
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sámegiella
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Ä Å Æ Ö Ø Č Đ Ŋ Š Ŧ Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á ä å æ ö ø č đ ŋ š ŧ ž
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̊ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Alvestrand
  speakers: 25000
  speakers_date: 1992-2013
  status: living
  validity: verified
smj:
  name: Lule Sami
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Julevusámegiella
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Ä Å Ñ Ö Ń a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á ä å ñ ö ń
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̊
    script: Latin
    status: deprecated
  - autonym: Julevusámegiella
    base: A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V Á Ä Å Ŋ a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v á ä å ŋ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̊
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 650
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
smn:
  name: Inari Sami
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Anarâškielâ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Â Ä Å Ö Č Đ Ŋ Š Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á â ä å ö č đ ŋ š ž
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̊ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 400
  speakers_date: 2018
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
smo:
  name: Samoan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sāmoa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā ē ī ō ū
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 510000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
sms:
  name: Skolt Sami
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Nuõrttsääʼmǩiõll
    auxiliary: Å Ö Ø å ö ø
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V X Y Z Â Ä Å Ö Õ Č Đ Ŋ Š Ž Ǥ Ǧ Ǩ Ǯ Ʒ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v x y z â ä å ö õ č đ ŋ š ž ǥ ǧ ǩ ǯ ʒ ʹ
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̊ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 320
  speakers_date: 1995-2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sna:
  name: Shona
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Chishona
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 10800000
  speakers_date: 2000-2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
snd:
  name: Sindhi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: सिन्धी
    auxiliary: ॐ
    base: अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल ळ व श ष स ह ॻ ॼ ॾ ॿ ‌ ‍
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ँ ◌ं ◌ः ◌़ ◌ा ◌ि ◌ी ◌ु ◌ू ◌ृ ◌े ◌ै ◌ो ◌ौ ◌्
    note: Used in India
    numerals: ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: । ॥ ॰
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  - autonym: سنڌي
    base: ء أ ؤ ئ ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ل م ن ه و پ چ ژ ک گ ی ڄ ٺ ٽ ٿ ڀ ٻ ڙ ڍ ڊ ڏ ڌ ڇ ڃ ڦ ڻ ڱ ڳ ڪ
    design_requirements:
    - Nastaʼlīq style of the Arabic script is preferred.
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٔ ◌ٰ
    note: Used in Pakistan
    numerals: ۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Unicode
  speakers: 32000000
  speakers_date: 2017
  validity: preliminary
snf:
  name: Noon
  orthographies:
  - autonym: noon
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y É Ë Í Ñ Ó Ú é ë í ñ ó ú Ŋ ŋ Ɓ Ɗ Ƴ ƴ ɓ ɗ ʼ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Sénégal, Décret no 2005-986 relatif à l’orthographe et la séparation des mots en noon, 21 octobre 2005
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 50000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
snk:
  name: Soninke
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sooninkanxanne
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W X Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u w x y '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2100000
  speakers_date: 2006-2011
  validity: preliminary
snn:
  name: Siona
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Gantëya coca
    base: A Ã B C D E Ë Ɛ G H I Ĩ Ɨ J K M N Ñ O Õ P R S T U Ũ W Y Z a ã b c d e ë ɛ g h i ĩ ɨ j k m n ñ o õ p r s t u ũ w y z '
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̱
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 500
  speakers_date: 2000-2008
  validity: preliminary
som:
  name: Somali
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Soomaali
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 16000000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
sot:
  name: Southern Sotho
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sesotho
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á É È Ē Ō Ò Š a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á é è ē ō ò š
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̄ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5600000
  speakers_date: 2001-2011
  status: living
  validity: verified
soy:
  name: Miyobe
  orthographies:
  - autonym: mɛyɔ́pɛ
    base: A C E Ɛ F H I K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U W Y Á É Í Ó Õ Ú Ĩ Ũ Ṍ Ṹ Ẽ a c e ɛ f h i k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u w y á é í ó õ ú ĩ ũ ṍ ṹ ẽ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 31-32.
  speakers: 22000
  speakers_date: 1991-2012
  validity: preliminary
spa:
  name: Spanish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Español
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ñ Ó Ú Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ñ ó ú ü ¡ ¿
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 483000000
  speakers_date: 2019
  status: living
  validity: verified
srd:
  includes:
  - sdc
  - sdn
  - src
  - sro
  name: Sardinian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sardu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Ç È Ì Ò Ù a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à ç è ì ò ù
    marks: ◌̀ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_as_individual: true
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1350000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
srm:
  name: Saramaccan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Saamáka
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Ë Ö a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á ë ö
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 90000
  speakers_date: 2013
  status: living
  validity: verified
srn:
  name: Sranan Tongo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sranan Tongo
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z È Ò a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z è ò
    marks: ◌̀
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 130000
  speakers_date: 1993
  status: living
  validity: verified
srp:
  name: Serbian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Српски
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ђ Ј Љ Њ Ћ Џ З́ С́ а б в г д е ж з и к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш ђ ј љ њ ћ џ з́ с́
    design_alternates: б ◌̆
    design_requirements:
    - Correct positioning of an acute mark above vowel characters may be required.
    - The form of the Cyrillic breve mark (marked in the previews) differs from the Latin-script breve that is asociated with the same Unicode codepoint. - In italic, some characters (marked in the previews) use a form that differs from the defaults associated with the Unicode codepoints (typically the Russian form of Cyrillic).
    marks: ◌́
    preferred_as_group: true
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Srpski
    auxiliary: Ǆ ǅ ǆ Ǉ ǈ ǉ Ǌ ǋ ǌ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ć Č Đ Ś Š Ź Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ć č đ ś š ź ž
    design_requirements:
    - Digraphs ‹dž›, ‹lj›, and ‹nj› in their uppercase, titlecase, and lowercase forms have dedicated Unicode codepoints in the auxiliary set. However, these were included chiefly for backwards compatibility with legacy encodings which kept a one-to-one correspondence with Cyrillic.
    marks: ◌́ ◌̌
    preferred_as_group: true
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet
  - https://www.evertype.com/alphabets/serbian.pdf
  speakers: 9500000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
srr:
  name: Serer
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Seereer
    base: A B Ɓ C Ƈ D Ɗ E F G H I J K L M N Ñ Ŋ O P Ƥ Q R S T Ƭ U W X Y Ƴ a b ɓ c ƈ d ɗ e f g h i j k l m n ñ ŋ o p ƥ q r s t ƭ u w x y ƴ '
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1410700
  speakers_date: 2001-2015
  validity: preliminary
ssw:
  name: Swati
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Siswati
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 2300000
  speakers_date: 2006-2011
  status: living
  validity: draft
suk:
  name: Sukuma
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kɪsukuma
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z Ɪ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z ' ɪ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 8100000
  speakers_date: 2016
  validity: preliminary
sun:
  name: Sundanese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Basa Sunda
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z É a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z é
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ
    auxiliary: ᮮ ᮯ ᮻ ᮼ ᮽ ᮾ ᮿ
    base: ᮊ ᮌ ᮍ ᮎ ᮏ ᮑ ᮒ ᮓ ᮔ ᮕ ᮘ ᮙ ᮚ ᮛ ᮜ ᮝ ᮞ ᮠ ᮖ ᮋ ᮗ ᮟ ᮐ ᮃ ᮆ ᮄ ᮇ ᮅ ᮈ ᮉ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ᮀ ◌ᮁ ◌ᮂ ◌ᮡ ◌ᮢ ◌ᮣ ◌ᮤ ◌ᮥ ◌ᮦ ◌ᮧ ◌ᮨ ◌ᮩ ◌᮪ ◌ᮬ ◌ᮭ
    numerals: ᮱ ᮲ ᮳ ᮴ ᮵ ᮶ ᮷ ᮸ ᮹ ᮰ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
    punctuation: ᳀ ᳁ ᳂ ᳃ ᳄ ᳅ ᳆ ᳇
    script: Sundanese
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 40000000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
sus:
  name: Susu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Sosoxi
    base: A B D E Ɛ F G H I K X L M N Ɲ O Ɔ P R S T U W Y a b d e ɛ f g h i k x l m n ɲ o ɔ p r s t u w y
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1060000
  speakers_date: 2001-2006
  validity: preliminary
swb:
  name: Maore Comorian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: شِكُمُرِ
    base: ح چ ج ث ت پ ب ا س ز ر ذ د خ ڠ غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش ن م ل ڬ ك ق ڤ ڢ ف ي و ه
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ّ
    script: Arabic
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Shikomori
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 152000
  speakers_date: 2012
  validity: preliminary
swc:
  name: Congo Swahili
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kiswahili
    inherit: swh
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  status: living
  validity: draft
swe:
  name: Swedish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Svenska
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Ä Å É Ë Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á ä å é ë ö ü
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̊
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 10000000
  speakers_date: 2018
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
swh:
  name: Swahili (individual language)
  note: The speaker count is estimate between 2 and 150 million.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kiswahili
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Swahili
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 150000000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: verified
szl:
  name: Silesian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ślůnsko godka
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ć Č Ń Ř Ś Š Ů Ź Ż Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ć č ń ř ś š ů ź ż ž
    marks: ◌́ ◌̇ ◌̊ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 510000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
tab:
  name: Tabassaran
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Табасаран
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 126900
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
tah:
  name: Tahitian
  note: The speaker count is based on 37% of the total population.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Reo Tahiti
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā ē ī ō ū
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 68260
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
taj:
  name: Eastern Tamang
  orthographies:
  - autonym: तामाङ‎
    inherit: hin
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  - autonym: རྟ་དམག‎
    inherit: bod
    script: Tibetan
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1370154
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
tam:
  name: Tamil
  orthographies:
  - autonym: தமிழ்
    auxiliary: 𑿀 𑿁 𑿂 𑿃 𑿄 𑿅 𑿆 𑿇 𑿈 𑿉 𑿊 𑿋 𑿌 𑿍 𑿎 𑿏 𑿐 𑿑 𑿒 𑿓 𑿔 𑿕 𑿖 𑿗 𑿘 𑿙 𑿚 𑿛 𑿜 𑿝 𑿞 𑿟 𑿠 𑿡 𑿢 𑿣 𑿤 𑿥 𑿦 𑿧 𑿨 𑿩 𑿪 𑿫 𑿬 𑿭 𑿮 𑿯 𑿰 𑿱 𑿿 ௐ ௳ ௴ ௵ ௶ ௷ ௸ ௹ ௺
    base: அ ஆ இ ஈ உ ஊ எ ஏ ஐ ஒ ஓ ஔ ஃ க ங ச ஞ ட ண த ந ப ம ய ர ல வ ழ ள ற ன ஜ ஶ ஷ ஸ ஹ
    design_alternates: க்ஷ ஸ்ரீ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and precomposed sign (matra) forms are required for proper representation of the language.
    - The conjunct letters ‹க்ஷ› and ‹ஸ்ரீ› should be acknowledged as separate from other conjunct matra forms.
    marks: ◌் ◌ஂ ◌ா ◌ி ◌ீ ◌ு ◌ூ ◌ெ ◌ே ◌ை ◌ௗ
    numerals: ௦ ௧ ௨ ௩ ௪ ௫ ௬ ௭ ௮ ௯ ௰ ௱ ௲ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    script: Tamil
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Unicode (for basic unicode compliance): https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf
  - Unicode (for supplement): https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11FC0.pdf
  speakers: 75000000
  speakers_date: 2011-2015
  validity: preliminary
tat:
  name: Tatar
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Татарча
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Җ Ң Ү Һ Ә Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё җ ң ү һ ә ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 5200000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
tay:
  name: Atayal
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tayal
    auxiliary: Č Š Ž Ḳ č š ž ḳ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ŋ Ə a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ŋ ə ’
    marks: ◌̌ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 84000
  speakers_date: 2002
  status: living
  validity: verified
tbz:
  name: Ditammari
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ditammari
    base: A B C D Đ E Ɛ F H I K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U W X Y Z À Á Ã È É Ì Í Ĩ Ḿ Ń Ǹ Ò Ó Ù Ú Ú Ũ a b c d đ e ɛ f h i k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u w x y z à á ã è é ì í ĩ ḿ ń ǹ ò ó ù ú ú ũ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̀ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 17-18.
  speakers: 150000
  speakers_date: 2006-2012
  validity: draft
tca:
  name: Ticuna
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Duüxügu
    base: A B Č D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ O P R S T U Ü W X Y a b č d e f g h i j k l m n ñ o p r s t u ü w x y ʔ
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 47000
  speakers_date: 1998-2008
  validity: preliminary
tdt:
  name: Tetun Dili
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tetun Dili
    inherit: tet
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 390000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
tel:
  name: Telugu
  note: There are approximately 11000000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: తెలుగు
    base: అ భ ఇ ఉ ఋ ఌ ఎ ఐ ఒ ఔ ఆ ఈ ఊ ౠ ౡ ఏ ఓ క ఖ గ ఘ ఙ చ ఛ జ ఝ ఞ ట ఠ డ ఢ ణ త థ ద ధ న ప ఫ బ మ య ర ల వ ళ శ ష స హ ఱ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and numerous precomposed forms (namely conjunct ligatures) are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ఁ ◌ం ◌ః ◌ా ◌ి ◌ీ ◌ు ◌ూ ◌ృ ◌ౄ ◌ె ◌ే ◌ొ ◌ో ◌ౌ ◌్ ◌ౖ ◌ౢ ◌ౣ
    numerals: ౦ ౧ ౨ ౩ ౪ ౫ ౬ ౭ ౮ ౯ ౸ ౹ ౺ ౻ ౼ ౽ ౾
    script: Telugu
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 82000000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
tem:
  name: Timne
  orthographies:
  - autonym: KʌThemnɛ
    base: A Ʌ B D E Ɛ Ə F G H I K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U W a ʌ b d e ɛ ə f g h i k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u w
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2500000
  speakers_date: 2006
  validity: preliminary
teo:
  name: Teso
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ateso
    auxiliary: F Q Z f q z
    base: A B C D E G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Ŋ a b c d e g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w x y ŋ
    script: Latin
    status: deprecated
  - autonym: Atɛsɔ
    auxiliary: Q Z q z
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y Ɔ Ɛ Ɨ Ʉ ɔ ɛ ɨ ʉ ᵃ ᵉ ᵋ ᵒ ᵓ ᵘ ᶤ ᶶ ⁱ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Atɛsɔ Local Language Board, A Guide to the Standardised Orthography of Atɛsɔ, Kampala, 2014
  - J.H. Holders, J.C.D. Lawrence, An introduction to the Ateso language, Kampala, Uganda, Eagle Press, 1957, 2nd edition
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1900000
  speakers_date: 2002-2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
tet:
  name: Tetum
  note: There are approximately 570000 L2 speakers in East Timor.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Lia Tetun
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ñ Á Ó É Í a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ñ á ó é í
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 390000
  speakers_date: 2009
  validity: preliminary
tgk:
  name: Tajik
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Тоҷикӣ
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ч Ш Ъ Э Ю Я Ё Ғ Қ Ҳ Ҷ Ӣ Ӯ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ч ш ъ э ю я ё ғ қ ҳ ҷ ӣ ӯ
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 8400000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
tgl:
  name: Tagalog
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tagalog
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á À É Í Ì Ó Ú a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á à é í ì ó ú
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: ᜊᜌ᜴ᜊᜌᜒᜈ᜴
    base: ᜀ ᜁ ᜂ ᜃ ᜄ ᜅ ᜆ ᜇ ᜈ ᜉ ᜊ ᜋ ᜌ ᜍ ᜎ ᜏ ᜐ ᜑ
    marks: ◌ᜒ ◌ᜓ ◌᜔
    note: Baybayin is the historic Tagalog script. Some revival efforts exist, but it is not in common use in the Philippines.
    script: Tagalog (Baybayin, Alibata)
    status: historical
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 23800000
  speakers_date: 2019
  status: living
  validity: verified
tha:
  name: Thai
  note: There are approximately 44000000 L2 speakers.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ภาษาไทย
    base: ก ข ฃ ค ฅ ฆ ง จ ฉ ช ซ ฌ ญ ฎ ฏ ฐ ฑ ฒ ณ ด ต ถ ท ธ น บ ป ผ ฝ พ ฟ ภ ม ย ร ล ว ศ ษ ส ห ฬ อ ฮ ะ า เ แ โ ใ ไ ฤ ๅ ฦ ๆ
    design_requirements:
    - Mark positioning and some character combinations (ligatures) have to be resolved to properly represent the language.
    marks: ◌̍ ◌̎ ◌ั ◌ิ ◌ุ ◌ู ◌็ ◌ํ ◌ี ◌ึ ◌ื ◌ฺ ◌่ ◌้ ◌๊ ◌๋ ◌์ ◌๎
    numerals: ๐ ๑ ๒ ๓ ๔ ๕ ๖ ๗ ๘ ๙ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    punctuation: ๏ ๛
    script: Thai
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 36000000
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
thp:
  name: Thompson
  orthographies:
  - autonym: nłeʔkepmxcin
    auxiliary: A C E H I K L M N P Q S T U W X Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú Ł Ə Ɣ Θ Ḷ Ṣ Ị
    base: a c e h i k l m n p q s t u w x y z á é í ó ú ł ƛ ə ɣ ʔ ʕ ʷ θ ḷ ṣ ị
    marks: ◌́ ◌̓ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - FirstVoices
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 600
  speakers_date: 2018
  validity: preliminary
tir:
  name: Tigrinya
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ትግርኛ
    base: ሀ ሁ ሂ ሃ ሄ ህ ሆ ኰ ኲ ኳ ኴ ኵ ለ ሉ ሊ ላ ሌ ል ሎ ዀ ዂ ዃ ዄ ዅ ሐ ሑ ሒ ሓ ሔ ሕ ሖ ወ ዉ ዊ ዋ ዌ ው ዎ መ ሙ ሚ ማ ሜ ም ሞ ዐ ዑ ዒ ዓ ዔ ዕ ዖ ረ ሩ ሪ ራ ሬ ር ሮ ዘ ዙ ዚ ዛ ዜ ዝ ዞ ሰ ሱ ሲ ሳ ሴ ስ ሶ ዠ ዡ ዢ ዣ ዤ ዥ ዦ ሸ ሹ ሺ ሻ ሼ ሽ ሾ የ ዩ ዪ ያ ዬ ይ ዮ ቀ ቁ ቂ ቃ ቄ ቅ ቆ ደ ዱ ዲ ዳ ዴ ድ ዶ ቈ ቊ ቋ ቌ ቍ ጀ ጁ ጂ ጃ ጄ ጅ ጆ ቐ ቑ ቒ ቓ ቔ ቕ ቖ ገ ጉ ጊ ጋ ጌ ግ ጎ ቘ ቚ ቛ ቜ ቝ ጐ ጒ ጓ ጔ ጕ በ ቡ ቢ ባ ቤ ብ ቦ ጠ ጡ ጢ ጣ ጤ ጥ ጦ ተ ቱ ቲ ታ ቴ ት ቶ ጨ ጩ ጪ ጫ ጬ ጭ ጮ ቸ ቹ ቺ ቻ ቼ ች ቾ ጰ ጱ ጲ ጳ ጴ ጵ ጶ ነ ኑ ኒ ና ኔ ን ኖ ጸ ጹ ጺ ጻ ጼ ጽ ጾ ኘ ኙ ኚ ኛ ኜ ኝ ኞ ፈ ፉ ፊ ፋ ፌ ፍ ፎ አ ኡ ኢ ኣ ኤ እ ኦ ፐ ፑ ፒ ፓ ፔ ፕ ፖ ከ ኩ ኪ ካ ኬ ክ ኮ ቨ ቩ ቪ ቫ ቬ ቭ ቮ
    numerals: ፩ ፪ ፫ ፬ ፭ ፮ ፯ ፰ ፱ ፲ ፳ ፴ ፵ ፶ ፷ ፸ ፹ ፺ ፻
    script: Ge'ez/Fidel
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 10800000
  speakers_date: 2020
  validity: preliminary
tiv:
  name: Tiv
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tiv
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O Ô P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o ô p r s t u v w y z
    marks: ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 7000000
  speakers_date: 2020
  validity: draft
tkl:
  name: Tokelau
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tokelau
    base: A E I O U F G K L M N P H T V Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū a e i o u f g k l m n p h t v ā ē ī ō ū
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3517
  speakers_date: 1987-2006
  status: living
  validity: verified
tkr:
  name: Tsakhur
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Цӏаӏхна миз
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    note: Used in Dagestan (Russia).
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Ts‘əxna miz
    inherit: azj
    note: Used in Azerbaijan.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 22300
  speakers_date: 2010-2011
  status: living
  validity: verified
tlh:
  name: Klingon
  orthographies:
  - autonym: tlhIngan Hol
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 0
  status: constructed
  validity: preliminary
tly:
  name: Talysh
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tolışi
    inherit: azj
    note: Used in Azerbaijan.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: تالشه
    inherit: pes
    note: Used in Iran.
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Толыши
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ј Ғ Ҹ Ҝ Һ Ә Ы а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш ј ғ ҹ ҝ һ ә ы
    marks: ◌̆
    note: Used in Russia.
    script: Cyrillic
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 218100
  speakers_date: 2011-2014
  status: living
  validity: verified
tnr:
  name: Ménik
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ménik
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y È É Ë Ñ Ó è é ë ñ ó Ŋ ŋ Ŝ ŝ Ɓ Ɗ Ƴ ƴ ɓ ɗ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̈ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - République du Sénégal, Décret no 2005-985 relatif à l’orthographe et la séparation des mots en ménik, 21 octobre 2005
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2500
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
tob:
  name: Toba
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Toba
    base: A B C D E G H I J L M N O Ñ T U V X Y Ỹ a b c d e g h i j l m n o ñ t u v x y ỹ '
    marks: ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  validity: preliminary
tod:
  name: Toma
  orthographies:
  - autonym: lɔgɔma
    base: A B D E F G I J K L M N O P S T U V W Y Z a b d e f g i j k l m n o p s t u v w y z Ŋ ŋ Ɓ Ɔ Ɗ Ǝ Ɛ Ɠ Ɲ Ʋ ǝ ɓ ɔ ɗ ɛ ɠ ɲ ʋ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Institut de recherches linguistiques appliquées, Le nouvel alphabet des langues guinéennes, Conakry, Institut de recherches linguistiques appliquées, 2015
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 420000
  speakers_date: 2012
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
toi:
  name: Tonga (Zambia)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Faka-Tonga
    base: A E F G H I K L M N O P S T U V a e f g h i k l m n o p s t u v '
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1500000
  speakers_date: 2001-2010
  validity: preliminary
toj:
  name: Tojolabal
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tojolꞌabꞌal
    base: A B C D E G I J K L M N O P R S T U W X Y Ꞌ a b c d e g i j k l m n o p r s t u w x y ꞌ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 51733
  speakers_date: 2010
  validity: preliminary
ton:
  name: Tonga (Tonga Islands)
  note: Speaker count date references 1998 census in Tonga, other dates are unknown.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Faka Tonga
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Á Ē É Ī Í Ō Ó Ū Ú a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā á ē é ī í ō ó ū ú
    marks: ◌́ ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 187000
  speakers_date: 1998
  status: living
  validity: verified
top:
  name: Papantla Totonac
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tutunakú
    base: A C E I J K L M N O P R S T U W X Y a c e i j k l m n o p r s t u w x y '
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 80000
  speakers_date: 1982
  validity: preliminary
tpi:
  name: Tok Pisin
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tok Pisin
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 120000
  speakers_date: 2004
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
tsn:
  name: Tswana
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Setswana
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ê Ô Š a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ê ô š
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 5200000
  speakers_date: 1993-2011
  status: living
  validity: draft
tso:
  name: Tsonga
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Xitsonga
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 12000000
  speakers_date: 2006-2011
  status: living
  validity: draft
tsz:
  name: Purepecha
  orthographies:
  - autonym: P'urhépecha
    base: A B C D E G H I Ï J K M N O P R S T U X a b c d e g h i ï j k m n o p r s t u x '
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 124494
  speakers_date: 2010
  validity: preliminary
ttq:
  name: Tawallammat Tamajaq
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tawǝllǝmmǝt
    auxiliary: ʔ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J J̌ K L M N O Q R S T U W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o q r s t u w x y z Â Ê Î Ô Û â ê î ô û Ă ă Ŋ ŋ Š š Ǝ Ɣ ǝ Ǧ ǧ ǰ ɣ Ḍ ḍ Ḷ ḷ Ṣ ṣ Ṭ ṭ Ẓ ẓ
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̆ ◌̌ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - 'Direction Nationale de l’Alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la Linguistique appliquée (DNAFLA), Alphabets et règles d’orthographe des langues nationales. Bamako: D.N.A.F.L.A. 1993'
  - Chantal Enguehard, Alphabet tamajaq – arrêté no 214-99 de la République du Niger, 2007
  - République du Niger, Ministère de l’Éducation nationale, arrêté no 0214/MEN/SPCNRE du 19 octobre 1999 fixant l’orthographe de la langue tamajaq, 1999
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 810000
  speakers_date: 1998
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ttt:
  name: Muslim Tat
  orthographies:
  - base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӏ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    note: Used in Russia.
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Tati
    inherit: azj
    note: Used in Azerbaijan.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 28000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
tuk:
  name: Turkmen
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Түркменче
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Җ Ң Ү Ә Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё җ ң ү ә ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Türkmençe
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ç Ö Ü Ý Ň Ş Ž Ș a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ç ö ü ý ň ş ž ș
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̌ ◌̦ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 6700000
  speakers_date: 2009-2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
tum:
  name: Tumbuka
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Chitumbuka
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1546000
  speakers_date: 2009-2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
tur:
  name: Turkish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Türkçe
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Â Ç Î Ö Û Ü Ğ Ş a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z â ç î ö û ü ğ İ ı ş
    marks: ◌̂ ◌̆ ◌̇ ◌̈ ◌̧
    note: Legacy implementations or sources may incorrectly list Ç, Ş, ç, ş as comma-accented glyphs.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 75700000
  speakers_date: 2002-2018
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
tvl:
  name: Tuvalu
  note: The speaker count date for 10000 speakers in Tuvalu, other dates are unknown.
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Te ’gana Tūvalu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Á À Ǎ Ē É È Ě Ī Í Ì Ǐ Ō Ó Ò Ǒ Ū Ú Ù Ǔ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā á à ǎ ē é è ě ī í ì ǐ ō ó ò ǒ ū ú ù ǔ ’
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̄ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 12000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
twi:
  name: Twi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Twi
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U W Y Ɛ Ɔ a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u w y ɛ ɔ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9000000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
twq:
  name: Tasawaq
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ingalkoyyu’
    auxiliary: V v
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W X Y Z Ã Õ Ŋ Š Ž Ɲ Ẽ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u w x y z ã õ ŋ š ž ɲ ẽ ’
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 8000
  speakers_date: 1998
  status: living
  validity: draft
tyv:
  name: Tuvinian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Тыва
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ң Ү Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ң ү ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 280000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
tzh:
  name: Tzeltal
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Batz'il K'op
    base: A B C E H I J K L M N O P R T U W X Y Z a b c e h i j k l m n o p r t u w x y z '
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 445856
  speakers_date: 2010
  validity: preliminary
tzm:
  name: Central Atlas Tamazight
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tamaziɣt
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Q R S T U W X Y Z Ɛ Ɣ Ḍ Ḥ Ṛ Ṣ Ṭ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n q r s t u w x y z ɛ ɣ ʷ ḍ ḥ ṛ ṣ ṭ
    marks: ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 5000000
  speakers_date: 2019
  status: living
  validity: verified
tzo:
  name: Tzotzil
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Bats’i k’op
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ’
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 404704
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
udi:
  name: Udi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Удин муз
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ҝ Ӏ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ҝ ӏ ’
    marks: ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 6600
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
udm:
  name: Udmurt
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Удмурт
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӝ Ӟ Ӥ Ӧ Ӵ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӝ ӟ ӥ ӧ ӵ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 340000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
uig:
  name: Uighur
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Уйғур
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ю Я Ғ Җ Қ Ң Ү Һ Ә Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш ю я ғ җ қ ң ү һ ә ө
    marks: ◌̆
    script: Cyrillic
    status: secondary
  - autonym: ئۇيغۇرچە
    base: ئ ا ب ت ج خ د ر ز س ش غ ف ق ك ل م ن و ي پ چ ژ ڭ گ ھ ۆ ۇ ۈ ۋ ې ە
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ٔ
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  - autonym: Uighur
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W X Y Z Ë Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u w x y z ë ö ü
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 10400000
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
ukr:
  name: Ukrainian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Українська
    auxiliary: А́ Е́ И́ О́ У́ Ы́ Э́ ю́ я́ а́ е́ и́ о́ у́ ы́ э́ ю́ я́
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ь Э Ю Я Є І Ї Ґ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ь э ю я є і ї ґ ’
    design_alternates: ◌̆
    design_requirements:
    - The form of the Cyrillic breve mark (marked in the previews) differs from the Latin-script breve that is asociated with the same Unicode codepoint.
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈ ◌́
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet
  speakers: 35000000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: verified
ulk:
  name: Meriam Mir
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Meriam Mir
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ì Ò Ù a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ì ò ù
    marks: ◌̀
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 217
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
umb:
  name: Umbundu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Úmbúndú
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Ã Ẽ Õ Ú Ũ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y ã ẽ õ ú ũ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9500000
  validity: preliminary
umu:
  name: Munsee
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Huluníixsuwaakan
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú Ă Ŭ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á é í ó ú ă ŭ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̆
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2
  speakers_date: 2018
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
ura:
  name: Urarina
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Itucale
    base: A B C D E F I K L M N O P R S T U Y Ǫ Ʉ a b c d e f i k l m n o p r s t u y ǫ ʉ
    marks: ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3000
  speakers_date: 2002
  validity: preliminary
urd:
  name: Urdu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: اُردُو
    base: ء ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ل م ن و ٹ پ چ ڈ ڑ ژ ک گ ں ھ ہ ی
    design_requirements:
    - Nastaʼlīq style of the Arabic script is preffered. Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ْ ◌ٰ
    numerals: ۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 68620000
  speakers_date: 2019
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
uum:
  name: Urum
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Урум
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ы Э Ґ Ӧ Ӱ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш ы э ґ ӧ ӱ ’
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 190000
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: verified
uzn:
  name: Northern Uzbek
  orthographies:
  - autonym: O‘zbekcha
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ‘
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: Ўзбекча
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ў Ғ Қ Ҳ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ў ғ қ ҳ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Ӯзбекча
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӯ Ғ Қ Ҳ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӯ ғ қ ҳ
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 27000000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
uzs:
  name: Southern Uzbek
  orthographies:
  - autonym: وزبیکی
    base: ء ئ ا ب ت ج ح خ د ر ز س ش غ ف ق ك ل م ن ه و ى ي پ چ ژ ڭ گ ھ ۇ ۋ ې ک ی
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌ٔ
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 4200000
  speakers_date: 2017
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
vai:
  name: Vai
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ꕙꔤ
    base: ꔀ ꔁ ꔂ ꔃ ꔄ ꔅ ꔆ ꔇ ꔈ ꔉ ꔊ ꔋ ꔌ ꔍ ꔎ ꔏ ꔐ ꔑ ꔒ ꔓ ꔔ ꔕ ꔖ ꔗ ꔘ ꔙ ꔚ ꔛ ꔜ ꔝ ꔞ ꔟ ꔠ ꔡ ꔢ ꔣ ꔤ ꔥ ꔦ ꔧ ꔨ ꔩ ꔪ ꔫ ꔬ ꔭ ꔮ ꔯ ꔰ ꔱ ꔲ ꔳ ꔴ ꔵ ꔶ ꔷ ꔸ ꔹ ꔺ ꔻ ꔼ ꔽ ꔾ ꔿ ꕀ ꕁ ꕂ ꕃ ꕄ ꕅ ꕆ ꕇ ꕈ ꕉ ꕊ ꕋ ꕌ ꕍ ꕎ ꕏ ꕐ ꕑ ꕒ ꕓ ꕔ ꕕ ꕖ ꕗ ꕘ ꕙ ꕚ ꕛ ꕜ ꕝ ꕞ ꕟ ꕠ ꕡ ꕢ ꕣ ꕤ ꕥ ꕦ ꕧ ꕨ ꕩ ꕪ ꕫ ꕬ ꕭ ꕮ ꕯ ꕰ ꕱ ꕲ ꕳ ꕴ ꕵ ꕶ ꕷ ꕸ ꕹ ꕺ ꕻ ꕼ ꕽ ꕾ ꕿ ꖀ ꖁ ꖂ ꖃ ꖄ ꖅ ꖆ ꖇ ꖈ ꖉ ꖊ ꖋ ꖌ ꖍ ꖎ ꖏ ꖐ ꖑ ꖒ ꖓ ꖔ ꖕ ꖖ ꖗ ꖘ ꖙ ꖚ ꖛ ꖜ ꖝ ꖞ ꖟ ꖠ ꖡ ꖢ ꖣ ꖤ ꖥ ꖦ ꖧ ꖨ ꖩ ꖪ ꖫ ꖬ ꖭ ꖮ ꖯ ꖰ ꖱ ꖲ ꖳ ꖴ ꖵ ꖶ ꖷ ꖸ ꖹ ꖺ ꖻ ꖼ ꖽ ꖾ ꖿ ꗀ ꗁ ꗂ ꗃ ꗄ ꗅ ꗆ ꗇ ꗈ ꗉ ꗊ ꗋ ꗌ ꗍ ꗎ ꗏ ꗐ ꗑ ꗒ ꗓ ꗔ ꗕ ꗖ ꗗ ꗘ ꗙ ꗚ ꗛ ꗜ ꗝ ꗞ ꗟ ꗠ ꗡ ꗢ ꗣ ꗤ ꗥ ꗦ ꗧ ꗨ ꗩ ꗪ ꗫ ꗬ ꗭ ꗮ ꗯ ꗰ ꗱ ꗲ ꗳ ꗴ ꗵ ꗶ ꗷ ꗸ ꗹ ꗺ ꗻ ꗼ ꗽ ꗾ ꗿ ꘀ ꘁ ꘂ ꘃ ꘄ ꘅ ꘆ ꘇ ꘈ ꘉ ꘊ ꘋ ꘌ ꘍ ꘎ ꘏ ꘐ ꘑ ꘒ ꘓ ꘔ ꘕ ꘖ ꘗ ꘘ ꘙ ꘚ ꘛ ꘜ ꘝ ꘞ ꘟ ꘠ ꘡ ꘢ ꘣ ꘤ ꘥ ꘦ ꘧ ꘨ ꘩ ꘪ ꘫ
    script: Vai
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 120000
  speakers_date: 1991-2006
  validity: preliminary
vec:
  name: Venetian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Vèneto
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Ç È É Ì Í Ò Ó Ù Ł Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á ç è é ì í ò ó ù ł ž
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̌ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3900000
  speakers_date: 2002
  status: living
  validity: verified
ven:
  name: Venda
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tshivenḓa
    base: A B D Ḓ E F G H I K L Ḽ M N Ṋ Ṅ O P R S T Ṱ U V W X Y Z a b d ḓ e f g h i k l ḽ m n ṋ ṅ o p r s t ṱ u v w x y z
    marks: ◌̇ ◌̭
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1300000
  speakers_date: 2011
  validity: preliminary
vep:
  name: Veps
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Vepsä
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ö Ü Č Š Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ö ü č š ž
    marks: ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1600
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
vie:
  name: Vietnamese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Tiếng Việt
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Á Â Ã È É Ê Ì Í Ò Ó Ô Õ Ù Ú Ý Ă Đ Ĩ Ũ Ơ Ư Ạ Ả Ấ Ầ Ẩ Ẫ Ậ Ắ Ằ Ẳ Ẵ Ặ Ẹ Ẻ Ẽ Ế Ề Ể Ễ Ệ Ỉ Ị Ọ Ỏ Ố Ồ Ổ Ỗ Ộ Ớ Ờ Ở Ỡ Ợ Ụ Ủ Ứ Ừ Ử Ữ Ự Ỳ Ỵ Ỷ Ỹ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à á â ã è é ê ì í ò ó ô õ ù ú ý ă đ ĩ ũ ơ ư ạ ả ấ ầ ẩ ẫ ậ ắ ằ ẳ ẵ ặ ẹ ẻ ẽ ế ề ể ễ ệ ỉ ị ọ ỏ ố ồ ổ ỗ ộ ớ ờ ở ỡ ợ ụ ủ ứ ừ ử ữ ự ỳ ỵ ỷ ỹ
    design_requirements:
    - The stacked combinations of marks often require adapted design of the individual marks (smaller, shallower).
    - There is no consensus regarding the position of acute and a above the circumflex.
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̆ ◌̉ ◌̛ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 76000000
  speakers_date: 2009
  status: living
  validity: verified
vmw:
  name: Makhuwa
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Emakhuwa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À È Ì Ò Ù a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à è ì ò ù
    marks: ◌̀
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 6600000
  speakers_date: 2006
  status: living
  validity: draft
vol:
  name: Volapük
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Volapük
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ö Ü a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ö ü
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 20
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: constructed
  validity: verified
vro:
  name: Võro
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Võro
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Õ Ö Ü Š Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä õ ö ü š ž '
    marks: ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 87000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: verified
wae:
  name: Walser
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Walscher
    auxiliary: À Â Å Æ Ç È Ê Ë Ì Î Ï Ñ Ò Ô Ø Ù Û Ÿ Ā Ă Ē Ĕ Ī Ĭ Ō Ŏ Œ Ū Ŭ ß à â å æ ç è ê ë ì î ï ñ ò ô ø ù û ÿ ā ă ē ĕ ī ĭ ō ŏ œ ū ŭ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á Ã Ä É Í Ó Õ Ö Ú Ü Č Š Ũ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á ã ä é í ó õ ö ú ü č š ũ
    marks: ◌́ ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̌ ◌̀ ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̊ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 22780
  speakers_date: 2004
  status: living
  validity: verified
war:
  name: Waray (Philippines)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Waray-Waray
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ñ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ñ
    marks: ◌̃
    note: There is no officially-endorsed orthography for the language and different writers use different orthographic rules. In general, it has become common to write the language following the current orthographic conventions of Filipino.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2600000
  speakers_date: 2005
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
wbp:
  name: Warlpiri
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Warlpiri
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 2304
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: verified
wci:
  name: Waci Gbe
  orthographies:
  - autonym: wacigbe
    base: A B C D Ɖ E Ɛ F Ƒ G Ɣ H X I J K L M N Ŋ Ɔ P S T U Ʋ V W Y Z a b c d ɖ e ɛ f ƒ g ɣ h x i j k l m n ŋ ɔ p s t u ʋ v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 37-38.
  speakers: 480000
  speakers_date: 1991-1993
  validity: preliminary
wim:
  name: Wik-Mungkan
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Wik-Mungknh
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 450
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: draft
win:
  name: Ho-Chunk
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ho-Chunk
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ą Ğ Į Š Ų Ž a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ą ğ į š ų ž
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̌ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 250
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: draft
wln:
  name: Walloon
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Walon
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Â Å Ç È É Ê Î Ô Û a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z â å ç è é ê î ô û
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̊ ◌̧
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 600000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
wls:
  name: Wallisian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Fakaʻuvea
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ā ē ī ō ū ʻ
    marks: ◌̄
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 10400
  speakers_date: 2000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
wmw:
  name: Mwani
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Kimwani
    inherit: swh
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 100000
  speakers_date: 2006
  status: living
  validity: verified
wol:
  name: Wolof
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Wolof
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z À Ã É Ë Ñ Ó Ŋ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z à ã é ë ñ ó ŋ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 5454000
  speakers_date: 2001-2016
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
wrh:
  name: Wiradjuri
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Wiradjuri
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 30
  speakers_date: 2005
  validity: preliminary
wss:
  name: Wasa
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Wasa
    base: A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U W Y Ɛ Ɔ a b d e f g h i k l m n o p r s t u w y ɛ ɔ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 273000
  speakers_date: 2013
  status: living
  validity: verified
wuu:
  name: Wu Chinese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: 吴语
    inherit: cmn
    script: Chinese
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 80000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
wwa:
  name: Waama
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Yoabu
    base: A B C D E Ɛ F I K M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U W Y a b c d e ɛ f i k m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u w y
    note: ‹Ŋ,ŋ› is not included in CENALA 1990 nor CENALA 2008 but is included in Hartell 1993 and is used in https://www.webonary.org/waama/ or the Waama Bible translation published in Wycliffe 1994.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Rhonda L. Hartell, Alphabets de langues africaines, 1993, p. 37.
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales, 1990, p. 27-29.
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 35-36.
  - https://www.webonary.org/waama/
  speakers: 50000
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: draft
wyb:
  name: Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ngiyambaa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 2
  speakers_date: 2005
  status: living
  validity: draft
xal:
  name: Kalmyk
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Хальмг
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Җ Ң Ү Һ Ә Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё җ ң ү һ ә ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 80500
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
xav:
  name: Xavánte
  orthographies:
  - autonym: A’uwẽ
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ã É Ẽ Ô Õ Ö Ĩ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ã é ẽ ô õ ö ĩ ’
    marks: ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̃ ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 9600
  speakers_date: 2006
  status: living
  validity: draft
xho:
  name: Xhosa
  orthographies:
  - autonym: isiXhosa
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 8200000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
xnr:
  name: Kangri
  orthographies:
  - autonym: कांगड़ी
    inherit: dgo
    script: Devanagari
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1700000
  speakers_date: 1996
  validity: preliminary
xnz:
  name: Kenzi
  orthographies:
  - inherit: dgl
    script: Coptic/Nubian
    status: historical
  - inherit: dgl
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Kenzi, Mattokki
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 50000
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: verified
xog:
  name: Soga
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Lusoga
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - CLDR
  speakers: 3600000
  speakers_date: 2014
  status: living
  validity: verified
xrg:
  name: Minang
  note: The ISO 639-3:xrg is an extinct dialect of ISO 639-3:nys.
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Minang (Mirnong)
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Ethonologue
  - https://iso639-3.sil.org/sites/iso639-3/files/change_requests/2012/2012-015_xrg.pdf
  - https://www.ethnologue.com/language/xrg
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyungar_language
  status: historical
  validity: preliminary
xsm:
  name: Kasem
  orthographies:
  - autonym: kasɩm
    base: A Ǝ B C D E Ɛ F G H I Ɩ J K L M N Ŋ O Ɔ P R S T U Ʋ V W Y Z a ǝ b c d e ɛ f g h i ɩ j k l m n ŋ o ɔ p r s t u ʋ v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 250000
  speakers_date: 1998-2004
  validity: preliminary
xwe:
  name: Xwela Gbe
  orthographies:
  - autonym: xwelagbe
    base: A B C D Ɖ E Ɛ F G Ɣ H X I J K L M N Ŋ Ɔ P S T U V W Y Z a b c d ɖ e ɛ f g ɣ h x i j k l m n ŋ ɔ p s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 39-40.
  speakers: 65000
  speakers_date: 2002
  validity: preliminary
yad:
  name: Yagua
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Nijyamïï Nikyejaada
    base: A C D Č E H I J Ɨ K M N O P R S T U W Y Á É Í Ï Ó Ú a c d č e h i j ɨ k m n o p r s t u w y á é í ï ó ú
    marks: ◌́ ◌̈ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5700
  speakers_date: 2000
  validity: preliminary
yai:
  name: Yagnobi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Йағнобӣ
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Э Ю Я Ё Ғ Қ Ҳ Ҷ Ӣ Ӯ Ԝ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ э ю я ё ғ қ ҳ ҷ ӣ ӯ ԝ
    marks: ◌̄ ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 12000
  speakers_date: 2004
  status: living
  validity: verified
yao:
  name: Yao
  orthographies:
  - autonym: chiYao
    base: A B C D E G H I J K L M N O P S T U W Ŵ Y a b c d e g h i j k l m n o p s t u w ŵ y
    marks: ◌̂
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 3100000
  validity: preliminary
yap:
  name: Yapese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Waab
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ä Ë Ö a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ä ë ö
    marks: ◌̈
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 5130
  speakers_date: 2005
  status: living
  validity: draft
yav:
  name: Yangben
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Nuasue
    auxiliary: J Q R X Z j q r x z
    base: A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P S T U V W Y À Á Â È É Ì Í Î Ò Ó Ô Ù Ú Û Ā Ī Ŋ Ō Ū Ǎ Ǒ Ǔ Ɔ Ɛ a b c d e f g h i k l m n o p s t u v w y à á â è é ì í î ò ó ô ù ú û ā ī ŋ ō ū ǎ ǒ ǔ ɔ ɛ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̂ ◌̄ ◌̌
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 17000
  speakers_date: 1982-2014
  status: living
  validity: draft
ydd:
  name: Eastern Yiddish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ייִדיש
    base: ו י א ב ג ד ה ז ח ט כ ך ל מ ם נ ן ס ע פ ף צ ץ ק ר ש ת
    marks: ◌ְ ◌ֱ ◌ֲ ◌ֳ ◌ִ ◌ֵ ◌ֶ ◌ַ ◌ָ ◌ֹ ◌ֻ ◌ּ ◌ׁ ◌ׂ
    script: Hebrew
    status: primary
  source:
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_orthography
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 1500000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
yih:
  name: Western Yiddish
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ייִדיש
    inherit: ydd
    script: Hebrew
    status: primary
  source:
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_orthography
  speakers: 5000
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
yij:
  name: Yindjibarndi
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Burnugundi
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 377
  speakers_date: 2016
  status: living
  validity: draft
ykg:
  name: Northern Yukaghir
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Одул
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ғ Ң Ӧ Ԝ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ғ ң ӧ ԝ
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 70
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: draft
ymk:
  name: Makwe
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Macue
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - CLDR
  speakers: 119700
  speakers_date: 2003-2009
  status: living
  validity: draft
yor:
  name: Yoruba
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Èdè Yorùbá
    auxiliary: Ɔ Ɛ ɔ ɛ
    base: A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U W Y À Á Ā È É Ē Ẹ Ì Í Ī Ò Ó Ō Ọ Ù Ú Ū Ṣ a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u w y à á ā è é ē ẹ ì í ī ò ó ō ọ ù ú ū ṣ
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̄ ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: èdè yorùbá
    base: A B D E Ɛ F G H I J K L M N O Ɔ P R S T U W Y À Á Ā È É Ē Ì Í Ī Ò Ó Ō Ù Ú Ū a b d e ɛ f g h i j k l m n o ɔ p r s t u w y à á ā è é ē ì í ī ò ó ō ù ú ū
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̄
    note: Orthography used in Benin.
    script: Latin
    status: local
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - Centre national de linguistique appliquée (C.E.N.A.L.A.), Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises, 2008, p. 43-44.
  speakers: 40000000
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: verified
yrk:
  name: Nenets
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Ненэц
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ӈ Ӭ а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ӈ ӭ ’ ”
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 21926
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
yua:
  name: Yucateco
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Màaya t'àan
    base: A B C D E I J K L M N O P R S T U W X Y Á À É È Ó Ò Ú Ù a b c d e i j k l m n o p r s t u w x y ' á à é è ó ò ú ù
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 792113
  speakers_date: 2010
  validity: preliminary
yue:
  name: Yue Chinese
  orthographies:
  - autonym: 粵語 / 粤语
    inherit: cmn
    script: Chinese
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Yue
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 84000000
  speakers_date: 2020
  validity: preliminary
yux:
  name: Southern Yukaghir
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Одул
    base: А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ё Ҕ Җ Ә Қ Ө а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ҕ җ ә қ ө
    marks: ◌̆ ◌̈
    script: Cyrillic
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 5
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: draft
zap:
  includes:
  - zaa
  - zab
  - zac
  - zad
  - zae
  - zaf
  - zai
  - zam
  - zao
  - zaq
  - zar
  - zas
  - zat
  - zav
  - zaw
  - zax
  - zca
  - zoo
  - zpa
  - zpb
  - zpc
  - zpd
  - zpe
  - zpf
  - zpg
  - zph
  - zpi
  - zpj
  - zpk
  - zpl
  - zpm
  - zpn
  - zpo
  - zpp
  - zpq
  - zpr
  - zps
  - zpt
  - zpu
  - zpv
  - zpw
  - zpx
  - zpy
  - zpz
  - zsr
  - zte
  - ztg
  - ztl
  - ztm
  - ztn
  - ztp
  - ztq
  - zts
  - ztt
  - ztu
  - ztx
  - zty
  name: Zapotec
  orthographies:
  - base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Á À È É Ë Ì Ü Ñ S̨ Ž Z̨ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z á à è é ë ì ü ñ s̨ ž z̨
    marks: ◌̀ ◌́ ◌̃ ◌̈ ◌̌ ◌̨
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_as_individual: true
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 450000
  speakers_date: 2010
  status: living
  validity: verified
zdj:
  name: Ngazidja Comorian
  orthographies:
  - autonym: شِكُمُرِ
    base: ح چ ج ث ت پ ب ا س ز ر ذ د خ ڠ غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش ن م ل ڬ ك ق ڤ ڢ ف ي و ه
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    marks: ◌َ ◌ُ ◌ِ ◌ّ
    script: Arabic
    status: secondary
  - autonym: Shikomori
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s t u v w y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 1100000
  speakers_date: 2007-2011
  validity: preliminary
zgh:
  name: Standard Moroccan Tamazight
  orthographies:
  - autonym: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ
    base: ⴰ ⴱ ⴳ ⵯ ⴷ ⴹ ⴻ ⴼ ⴽ ⵀ ⵃ ⵄ ⵅ ⵇ ⵉ ⵊ ⵍ ⵎ ⵏ ⵓ ⵔ ⵕ ⵖ ⵙ ⵚ ⵛ ⵜ ⵟ ⵡ ⵢ ⵣ ⵥ ⴲ ⴴ ⴵ ⴶ ⴸ ⴺ ⴾ ⴿ ⵁ ⵂ ⵆ ⵈ ⵋ ⵌ ⵐ ⵑ ⵒ ⵗ ⵘ ⵝ ⵞ ⵤ ⵦ ⵧ
    script: Tifinagh
    status: primary
  - autonym: Tamaziɣt
    base: A B G D Ḍ E F K H Ḥ X Q I J L M N U R Ṛ S Ṣ C T Ṭ W Ɣ Z Ẓ a b g d ḍ e f k h ḥ x q i j l m n u r ṛ s ṣ c t ṭ w ɣ z ẓ
    marks: ◌̣
    script: Latin
    status: secondary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  validity: preliminary
zlm:
  name: Malay (individual language)
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Melayu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  preferred_name: Malaysian
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 77000000
  speakers_date: 2007
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
zro:
  name: Záparo
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Záparo
    base: A C E I J K M N O P R S T U W Y Z Á É Í Ó Ú a c e i j k m n o p r s t u w y z ' á é í ó ú
    marks: ◌́
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 5
  speakers_date: 2007
  validity: preliminary
zsm:
  name: Standard Malay
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Malaysia
    auxiliary: \'
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    note: Post-1972 orthography (without diacritics) is used by Standard Malay and Indonesian.
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  - autonym: Malaysia
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ĕ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ĕ
    marks: ◌̆
    note: Za'aba Spelling system was used 1927–1972 in British Malaya and Borneo/Brunei for Malaysia and Singapore orthography
    script: Latin
    status: historical
  - autonym: مليسيا
    base: ء ا ب ة ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ل م ن ه و ى ي چ ڠ ڤ ک ڽ ۏ ݢ
    design_requirements:
    - Positional forms of the characters (initial, medial, and final forms) and some ligatures are required for proper representation of the language.
    note: Jawi
    numerals: ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩
    script: Arabic
    status: primary
  source:
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_orthography
  - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%27aba_Spelling
  - Omniglot
  speakers: 32772100
  speakers_date: 2019
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
zul:
  name: Zulu
  orthographies:
  - autonym: isiZulu
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  - CLDR
  speakers: 12000000
  speakers_date: 2011
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
zun:
  name: Zuni
  orthographies:
  - autonym: Shiwiʼma
    base: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ł a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z ł ʼ
    script: Latin
    status: primary
  source:
  - Omniglot
  - Wikipedia
  speakers: 9620
  speakers_date: 2015
  status: living
  validity: preliminary
